Matter Study Guide Section 3.1

Matter Anything that has a mass and a volume

States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas Plasma Close up view of atoms and their behavior Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/

Transitions Between the States of matter

Transitions between states of matter

Matter Mixtures Homogeneous Heterogeneous Pure Substances Solvent Solution Solvent Colloids Heterogeneous Suspensions Pure Substances Element Molecule Compounds

Atoms Elements The building blocks of Matter Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N). Elements Consists of only one kind of atom, Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means Can exist as either atoms or molecules (more than 1 atom bonded together) Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Molecules A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule .

Compounds Atoms of two or more different elements bound together. Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically. In the animation above, water (H20) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen. Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html

Compounds contain more than one type of atom! Example of organic compound (a compound with carbon atoms): Carbon Dioxide – CO2 (1 atom of carbon and two atoms of Oxygen) Example of inorganicc compound (a compound without carbon atoms): Water – H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen)

- + IONS A particle with a neutral charge has the same number of An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge!! A particle with a neutral charge has the same number of protons and electrons. An ion does not have the same number of electrons and protons. Examples of ions: He+ - A helium atom that is missing one electron. The atom has one more proton than electron, and must have a positive charge.

Organic

Mixtures They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical. Can be separated physically. Solutions are types mixtures. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Types of Mixtures: Heterogonous: The substances are not uniformly mixed. Example: Sand in a glass of water.

Mixtures Suspensions Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts that are visible to the naked eye. Substances will settle over time. Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

Types of Mixtures: Homogonous: Uniform Distribution. Example: Sugar and Water Solutions are homogonous mixtures made up of groups of molecules mixed in a completely even distribution Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Solute Solvent The substance to be dissolved. The one doing the dissolving. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Making a Solution

Colloids Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions . Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

Physical vs. Chemical Change Changing from one state to another is a Physical Change. If a new substance is formed it is a Chemical Change. Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Physical vs. Chemical Changes Physical Clues Chemical Clues Change in size Change in shape Change in state Easily reversed A color change occurs A new chemical is formed It is difficult to reverse Energy in the form of light or heat is given off Bubbles of gas are formed. A new odor may be noticed.

Station Changes: 1. Marshmallow melt: melted was physical, burnt is chemical 2. Rip marshmallow: physical 3. Alka-seltzer: chemical 4. Baking soda and vinegar: chemical 5. Food coloring: physical 6. vinegar and milk: chemical 7. sugar cube: physical

Continued answers 8. rusty nail: chemical 9. burning candle: both 10. Toast burnt: chemical 11: Baking a cake: chemical 12: cutting paper: physical 13. stretching rubber band: physical 14. Melting ice/boiling water and evaporating water are all physical