Annie Paish

(Mark 16:16) (John 3:17)

ST. JUSTIN MARTYR (PEOPLE WHO LIVED BEFORE CHRIST) ST. IGNATIUS AND ST. CYPRIAN (HERESY AND SCHISM)  Virtue  Mosaic Law  Logos  guilty of being outside the church  “even martyrdom cannot purge away the guilt of schism”  “no one can claim the martyr’s name who has broken off his love”

 Outside of the Church there is no salvation: extra ecclesiam nulla salus  CONTEXT: fourth century when the Christians were no longer persecuted under Rome  Therefore, this exclusive judgement of salvation was not in regards to those who had never experienced Christ, but those who had chosen to deny the truth

 very dark view on who could enter into the Kingdom of Heaven  No salvation for those who had rejected the gospel AND for those who had not heard it  REASON: Original Sin

God would send some sort of an angel or revelation for the person who had never come into contact with the teachings of Christ “being subject to the Roman Pontiff is of necessity for salvation.” salvation was possible for those who lived before the time of Christ changing views on those who had never been preached the gospel

POPE BONIFACE VIIIHEINRICH KLEE  issued the bull Unam sanctum (1302)  Declared that the only way to salvation was through being a subject of the Pope  those who know that the Church is the true way to salvation, and still choose to deny and reject this, will not be granted salvation

 “well known is the Catholic teaching that no one can be saved outside the Catholic Church”  Invincible ignorance  ecclesiam nulla salus = only to those who are culpably outside of the Church VS

 “to gain eternal salvation it is not always required that a person be incorporated in reality as a member of the Church, but it is required that he belong to it at least in desire and longing.”

 “since Christ died for all men, and since the ultimate vocation of man is in fact one, and divine, we ought to believe that the Holy Spirit in a manner known only to God offers to every man the possibility of being associated with this paschal mystery” (GS 22)

 the universality of God’s salvific will  he holds that non-Christians who live good lives that compose (unknowingly to them) of God’s grace, may be called anonymous Christians