Tree care review 3/3/05

Micronutrient chlorosis

Proper Diagnosis Other problems often confused with micronutrient deficiency Borers Root damage Scale Girdling roots Poor drainage compaction

Micronutrient chlorosis Soil testing pH Analysis Usually enough micros, pH limiting –Watson with the Morton Arboretum has plotted color against pH and has found that there is sometimes no correlation (in pin oak)

Control of Chlorosis Cultural Control Proper plant selection Proper planting technique Compaction management Mulch

Control Of Chlorosis Chemical control pH lowering Ammonium sulfate Aluminum sulfate Sulfur Battery acid Problems include turf damage, unsafe to handle Works best in mulch/natural areas

Micronutrient Supplements Deep soil injection Iron sulfate/ manganese sulfate Cheap Not as long lasting as chelates Chelates More plant available than sulfates Stays available longer –Sprint 330 –EDTA/EDTH etc Not legal in some European countries –Krystal by Lido Chem Organic chelation Several magnitudes of plant availability greater than other chelates Stays available longer

Micronutrient Supplements Trunk Injection Tree Tech Holes Variability of results SW100 Micros appear to work better than the fungicides Limited damage Quick to apply –Applicator needs to clean gun

Apple Scab Disease Cycle Overwinters as spores on old leaves Spores are forcibly expelled around the time of bud break Bud break may occur up to a month apart among different species/ varieties Warm and wet weather is ideal Lesions form and grow on leaves and fruit Defoliation starts to occur in June –Trees can be bare by the 4 th of July As leaves mature, they are less susceptible Weather conditions dry out

Apple Scab Control Cultural Resistant varieties Sanitation rake leaves Pruning Fertilization to increase vigor Watch for borers

Apple Scab Control Chemical Sprays 3x –Bud break +10 day +10days –4 th spray recommended under heavy pressure –Last spray can have insecticide to control tent caterpillar Rotate chemicals –SI’s, strobis, contacts Resistance issues Reachback Persistance Some chemicals not labeled for edible fruit –Use acidifier always pH ideal at –Use spreader where appropriate Injections –Variable results –Good alternative near water

Adult Zimmerman Pine Moth Damage

Zimmerman Pine Moth Life cycle Overwinter as eggs in webs in bark Hatch in April vulnerable Larvae bore into whorls Emerge as adults in August Mate and lay approx 40 eggs Eggs hatch and larvae feed on tips Larvae leave tips and overwinter in bark

Zimmerman Pine Moth Damage Pitch flow and holes at branch whorls Curled tips Dead tops Distorted growth Sapsucker damage

Zimmerman Pine Moth Control Sprays Timing important –Mid April and Mid August when larvae are vulnerable No more Dursban in private lawns Pyrethroids –Tempo, Onyx Gives good residual Injections Can be difficult

Japanese Beetle Life Cycle Overwinters as grub Feeds on tree and grass roots Emerges as adult metallic beetle early summer and feeds on tree/shrub foliage Relatively weak flyers Infestations tend to be local and chronic –Site history is helpful for forecasting

Japanese Beetle Control Traps are not an option For monitoring only Can attract pests to site Lawn care Merit provides some control Adults can fly up to 1-2 miles Merit soil injection Must be applied 6 weeks before adults are present Has anti-feedent properties Trunk injection with imidacloprid 6 week timing Post spray Pyrethroids with residual---Tempo,Astro,Onyx –Avoid Purple leaf plums and crabs with Onyx and Astro Possible issue with carrier

Japanese Beetle At risk plants Rosacea family Roses, malus Littleleaf Linden very susceptible Birches Several others

Cottony maple scale Problem in the 80’s No evidence of an outbreak soon

Cottony Maple scale Life Cycle 2 generations/ year Overwinters as 2 nd instar on twigs/branches Matures in June and lays eggs Hatch in mid June to July Crawlers attach to underside of leaves and feed until late summer Nymphs mature,mate and lay eggs and die 1000 to 1500 eggs layed Eggs hatch and nymphs move to twigs to overwinter

Cottony maple scale Damage and symptoms Popcorn Dieback Honeydew Reduction in vigor or death

Cottony Maple Scale Control Dormant Oil Pyrethroids Tristar

Credits Produced by Donna McDaniel Directed by Donna McDaniel Costumes by Donna McDaniel