04/2012 Williams High-Power Flywheel Daniel Hertrich, P.Eng. Senior Hydro/Civil Engineer Renewable Power Business Unit

2 04/2012 High-Power Flywheel Systems – Mobile Applications Motorsport Mobile solution developed by WF1 for KERS Used for Porsche 911 GT3 R Hybrid 2 x 80 hp motors connected to front wheels Capture regen. braking energy going into turns, increased, 4WD power out of turns Audi etron quattro placed 1 st and 2 nd in 24 hrs of le Mans

3 04/2012 High-Power Flywheel Systems - Technology Magnetically Loaded Composite (MLC) Lower eddy current losses in rotor Lower heat gain – higher duty cycle Body of rotor – filament wound carbon and glass fibre composite

4 04/2012 High-Power Flywheel Systems – Mobile Applications WHP activity Contract with London Bus operator to retrofit with flywheels Contract with UK operator of electric passenger rail to study replacing onboard resistor bank with flywheels

5 04/2012 High-Power Flywheel Systems - Technology High power density for short term, cyclical storage 200 kW peak, 1.5 kWh storage High duty cycle (>75%) without loss in performance Long life (20 yrs) Low standing loss (<1%) High round trip efficiency (>96%) Fast response time (full power <5ms)

6 04/2012 High-Power Flywheel Systems – Stationary Applications Rail Traction Systems Energy savings (10 – 30%) by recovering regenerative braking energy Voltage support Emergency reserve

7 04/2012 High-Power Flywheel Systems – Stationary Applications Industrial / Mining Applications Peak shaving of cyclical demands Reduce capital requirements Energy savings through capturing regenerative braking energy More efficient operation of generating equipment

8 04/2012 High-Power Flywheel Systems – Stationary Applications Renewable Energy Power conditioning –Voltage and frequency regulation Wind - diesel systems –relaxes the operating constraints of diesel gensets – increased penetration of wind Potential for diesel off operation in small systems

9 04/2012 High-Power Flywheel Systems – Energy Storage

10 04/2012 High-Power Flywheel Systems – Stationary Applications

11 04/2012 Typical Wind Diesel System in Alaska Location Wind Capacity (kW) Avg Demand (kW) Wind Capacity as % Avg Demand Wind PenetrationFuel Cost Diesel Generated Non Diesel Generated Chevak %40%$444,4501,771,216716,072 Gambell %13%$400,4081,655,542213,839 Hooper Bay %21%$623,6462,718,449569,800 Kasigluk %23%$581,1772,282,324534,138 Kokhanok205440%7%$197,581474,48832,679 Kongiganak %6%$304,302970,54654,000 Kotzebue %7%$4,933,05620,926,7151,456,609 Mekoryuk %14%$203,723834,234120,914 Quinhagak %15%$392,7151,564,854232,285 Savoonga %20%$416,1131,761,360359,523 Selawik %6%$715,9862,614,080148,869 Toksook Bay %25%$626,2902,652,659663,127 Unalakleet %21%$702,8113,706,555765,124 Sum4870Average148%13%$10,542,26043,933,0225,866,979 Data from ACEP and AIDEA 2011 PCE

12 04/2012 Analysis of Hybrid System in Alaska Typical Alaska Wind System Average Wind Penetration13% Annual Wind Utilization5,866,979kWh Annual Fuel Costs$10,542,260 Estimated Hybrid System Increase in Penetration50% Hybrid Penetration20% Annual Hybrid Utilization8,800,469 Hybrid Annual Fuel Costs$9,838,334 Annual Fuel Savings$703,926 Economic Comparison Intalled Wind Capacity4870kW Wind Unit Cost$15,000$/kW Wind Energy Unit Cost$0.62(over 20 yr life) Est Hybrid Unit Cost$16,000$/kW Hybrid Energy Unit Cost$0.44(over 20 yr life)

04/2012 Williams High-Power Flywheel Daniel Hertrich, P.Eng. Senior Hydro/Civil Engineer Renewable Power Business Unit