Unit 11 Marine Vertebrates Pages 5-66 to 5-88

11.01: Characteristics of Phylum Chordata and sub-Phylum Vertebrata: pharyngeal (gill) slits vertebrae dorsal hollow nerve cord cephalization increased sensory abilities post-anal tail dominate top of food webs notochord

11.02: Class Agnathans (jawless fish) examples: lamprey and hagfish -live as scavengers or parasites

11.03 : Rise of jawed fish Jawless fish (Agnathans) were thought to have given rise to jawed fish during the Cambrian period. Jawed fish (Gnathostomata) divided into 3 groups: Placodermi - scaly-skinned fish -extinct Chondrichthyes - cartilaginous fish Osteichthyes - bony fish

11.04: Characteristics of Class Chondrichthyes: cartilage skeleton jaws no swim bladder internal fertilization lateral lines Electroreception (ampullae of Lorenzini) 5 to 7 pairs of gills no operculum Sub-class Elasmobranchii- sharks and rays

11.05:Physical & Physiological characteristics of sharks & rays that help them save energy: lightweight skeleton buoyant oil-filled liver streamlined body denticles- point backwards to reduce friction lift producing fins (like wings) stores urea to maintain equal density w/water asymmetrical tail provides lift

11.06 & 11.07 (worksheets) Characteristics of Class Osteichthyes

11.08 Bony fish control buoyancy by using: swim bladder=adding or releasing gas

11. 09: What is the function of the lateral line 11.09: What is the function of the lateral line? (rays, sharks, and bony fish) sensory pores along the length of the body that detects pressure and vibrations What is the importance of the lateral line? helps with schooling, coordinates movement, and detects approaching predators 

11.10: What is electroreception? pits near the snout (ampullae of Lorenzini) that senses minute electricity creates by muscles/nerves  What is the function of electroreception? detects prey

11.11 A (worksheet): Explain how a fish’s body design relates to its movement & feeding style. Body shape: Fusiform laterally compressed depressed 

11.11 B Tail shape rounded, forked, crescent

11.11 C Mouth shape: upward, sub-terminal, terminal, specialized

11.12 3 sexual reproductive methods of fish Oviparous (most fish) Lay eggs hatch outside body Viviparous Birth to live young Ovoviviparous Eggs hatch inside/live birth Advantages? Disadvantages?