ooooo The MDG Sanitation Challenge Examples of Productive Sanitation Projects in Various Regions Cecilia Ruben, EcoSanRes Programme, SEI IFAD 29 January 2008

MDG 7 & Target 10 Halve by the year 2015 the proportion of people lacking sanitation App. 95,000 HHs need to be provided with sanitation every day – equal to 65 installations/minute SSAF: US$ 100M per year or $ 0.5 per capita per year

The Global Sanitation Challenge App 2.6 billion individuals are totally without sanitation App 2.7 billion individuals have pit latrines - inadequate in protecting human health & the environment More than 1 billion individuals have flush sanitation system, of which 70% is not properly treated 80 countries with 40% of the world pop. suffer from water shortage

PARADIGM SHIFT RE. SANITATION Requires change in attitude for reuse of nutrients in a safe manner and the recovery of treated greywater to the environment Closing the Loop on Sanitation

Global Map of Ecosan Initiatives On-line questionnaire and information at

Ecological sanitation/productive sanitation is an approach that embraces more than toilet provision provides sanitation protects human health reduces environmental pollution conserves water reuses nutrients available in processed excreta Pictures from Malawi

Arborloo Shallow pit 60 cm - 80 cm wide and 1 metre deep Concrete slab and super- structure are put in place Soil and ash are added regularly to the pit in addition to excreta When nearly full, slab and structure are moved to another pit and a tree is planted in the soil fills up the pit Pictures from Malawi

Mozambique Fossa alterna -shallow reinforced pit soil-composting toilet Unit cost ca 20 USD materials and labour Photo: Water Aid

U rine diverting toilet (UD) Urine and faces are not mixed Products are collected in separate containers for further processing and use, as here in Malawi

China Guangxi Region double vault urine-diversion dry toilet Unit cost ca 50 USD

China

India – Kerala double vault urine-diversion dry toilet for anal cleansing Evapotranspiration bed receives urine and anal wash water

UD Toilet and Separate Run-off for Anal Cleansing Water, India

UD/dry Toilet and a Wash Bowl for Anal Cleansing, Philippines

Sanitation installation for a household, Bolivia Ample facilities for hygiene and washing in connection with the dry UD and double vault toilet

SwedenUrine-diversion double flush toilet

C Secondary treatment of compost in an ecostation, Sweden

Compost from Human Excreta - appearance and texture of the final product depends to a large extent on what is placed in the pit. Example from Malawi Left: mix of composted faeces, urine and sandy soil Right: mix of composted faeces, urine, red soil and leaves

Geber’s Residential Estate Stockholm, Sweden UD/dry collection of faeces

Spreading Urine - Sweden Photo Mats Johansson, VERNA

Greywater management – tests of filters and systems for diffusion of water, Mexico

ChildrenLeadersWomen Local capacity development in Mexico SARAR / PHAST Methodology YouthEntrepreneurs

Toilet Users Get Paid Money for Using the Public Ecosan Toilet at Musiri, TN, India, is offered by NGO SCOPE in Trichy

EcoTown for 833 HHs, based on Ecosan Principles. A PPP Development in China, where R&D was provided by ESR Dongsheng, Erdos, Inner Mongolia, China

楼房及生态厕所剖面图

Solid Waste Source Separation with collection of household organics

Maize crop 31 Jan 2005, Epworth (Harare) untreated maize (left-side) urine-treated maize (right-side)

Cecilia Ruben Communications and Networking Manager Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) at