Recap the Russian Revolution

Lenin Restores Order Lenin sets out to rebuild the new USSR & its economy Lenin sets out to rebuild the new USSR & its economy Organized Russia into Republics; unifying the country Organized Russia into Republics; unifying the country Formed a new nation: The Soviet Union Formed a new nation: The Soviet Union Lenin allowed some private limited ownership of property (NEP) Lenin allowed some private limited ownership of property (NEP) Established SOVIETS to rule locally Established SOVIETS to rule locally

Who influenced Lenin Karl Marx: Ideas formed the basis of Lenin’s revolutionary idea Ideas formed the basis of Lenin’s revolutionary idea Wrote the book, THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO Wrote the book, THE COMMUNIST MANIFESTO Put for the idea of a class struggle the would lead to a take over by the proletariat and then the establishment of a “classless” society (COMMUNISM) Put for the idea of a class struggle the would lead to a take over by the proletariat and then the establishment of a “classless” society (COMMUNISM) Inspired proletariats (working class) around the world Inspired proletariats (working class) around the world Vision of a lasting & prosperous society Vision of a lasting & prosperous society An economic & social system that advocated a single political party & state ownership of property. An economic & social system that advocated a single political party & state ownership of property.

Lenin’s “right hand” man Leon Trotsky Leon Trotsky Fellow Bolshevik Fellow Bolshevik Intellectual (educated) Intellectual (educated) Negotiated the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to end WWI Negotiated the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk to end WWI Commanded the Red Army during the Civil War Commanded the Red Army during the Civil War

Lenin’s Revolutionary Social Changes Abolish private property Abolish private property Abolish all rights of inheritance. Abolish all rights of inheritance. Confiscation of all property of emigrants and criminals/rebels. Confiscation of all property of emigrants and criminals/rebels. Nationalize factories Nationalize factories Centralize agricultural production (seize grain to feed army and workforce) Centralize agricultural production (seize grain to feed army and workforce) A classless society A classless society Universal suffrage Universal suffrage A general distrust of organized religions A general distrust of organized religions

Lenin’s Economic Policies (NEP) New Economic Plan (NEP) New Economic Plan Some private ownership Some private ownership Farms Farms Businesses Businesses Farmers could keep their surplus Farmers could keep their surplus

TOTALITARIANISM Joseph Stalin

Stalin Takes Power Stalin Vs. Trotsky

Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy Stalin called for a command economy— a system in which the government makes all economic decisions a system in which the government makes all economic decisions Stalin’s command economy promoted an industrial revolution & an agricultural revolution Stalin’s command economy promoted an industrial revolution & an agricultural revolution Industrial Policies: initiated 5 Years Plans to promote industrial growth; limited production of consumer goods Industrial Policies: initiated 5 Years Plans to promote industrial growth; limited production of consumer goods Agricultural Polices: established collective farms; eliminated wealthy peasants Agricultural Polices: established collective farms; eliminated wealthy peasants

5- Year PlansSoviet Industry 5- Year Plans & Soviet Industry

Totalitarianism A government that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life.

Key Traits of Totalitarianism 1) Dictatorship & one-party rule 1) Dictatorship & one-party rule Absolute authority Absolute authority Dominates the govt. Dominates the govt. 2) Dynamic leader 2) Dynamic leader Helps unite people toward meeting goals or a common vision Helps unite people toward meeting goals or a common vision Encourages people to devote their unconditional loyalty & support to the state Encourages people to devote their unconditional loyalty & support to the state Becomes a symbol of the government Becomes a symbol of the government 3) Ideology 3) Ideology Justifies government actions Justifies government actions Glorifies the aims of the state Glorifies the aims of the state 4) State control over all sectors of society 4) State control over all sectors of society Demand total obedience to authority & personal sacrifice for the good of the state Demand total obedience to authority & personal sacrifice for the good of the state Denies basic liberties Denies basic liberties 5) Dependence on modern technology 5) Dependence on modern technology Relies on mass communication (radio,newsreels,loudspeakers) to spread propaganda Relies on mass communication (radio,newsreels,loudspeakers) to spread propaganda 6) Organized violence 6) Organized violence Uses force, such as police terror, to crush ALL opposition Uses force, such as police terror, to crush ALL opposition Targets certain groups, such as national minorities & political opponents as enemies Targets certain groups, such as national minorities & political opponents as enemies

Control Methods of Totalitarianism Police Terror Great Purge (Kulak sent to camps, killed or exiled) Great Purge (Kulak sent to camps, killed or exiled) Used secret police & violent tactics to crush opposition Used secret police & violent tactics to crush opposition Other Useful Methods: Art/Religion: introduced SOCIALIST REALISM as a way to rally workers Controlled the media / Censored all forms of creativity / Replaced religious teaching with Communists IDEALS & glorify the state Propaganda & Indoctrination: Used to glorify the State Used to glorify the State Education: expanded & controlled education at all levels Opened educational opportunities to women Used to INDOCTRINATE people & control them

Purges = Power!

Propaganda & Socialist Realism Cult of Personality Socialist Realism Loyalty to your leader & Country is to replace devotion to the Church

Propaganda

Propaganda

Communism 6 min 6 min