LOST CITY The Discovery of Machu Picchu By Ted Lewin Day 1 Day 4 Day 2 Day 5 Day 3 Vocabulary Definitions Vocabulary Sentences Additional Resources

Study Skills Genre: Narrative Nonfiction Comprehension Skill: Compare Contrast Comprehension Strategy: Visualize Comprehension Review Skill: Sequence Vocabulary: Word Structure – Greek and Latin Roots

Genre: Narrative Nonfiction Narrative nonfiction can tell the story of a real event such as the discovery of a lost city. The details of the event are presented in sequence so that readers can understand the cause-and-effect relationships.

Summary Professor Hiram Bingham goes on a journey to Peru to find the lost city of Machu Picchu. With the help of a farmer named Arteaga and a Quechua boy, Bingham finds something unexpected -- the beautiful city of Machu Picchu sitting among the clouds.

Comprehension Skill Review: Compare and Contrast A Comparison tells how two or more things are alike. A Contrast tells how they are different Clue words such as like, same or as show similarities. Clue words such as or unlike show differences.

Day 1 - Question of the Week What surprises can happen on an expedition?

Vocabulary - Say It thickets torrent terraced curiosity glorious ruins granite thickets torrent terraced

More Words to Know remote rugged ventured adobe highland terraces

Comprehension Strategy Visualize Good readers visualize as they read. This means they create pictures in their minds. Sensory words such as sticky and crackle can help you experience what you are reading.

Listen to the Story

Comprehension Skill- Sequence Pg. 551 Sequence means the order in which things happen. Dates, times, and clue words such as first, then, next, and last can help you understand the order of events. Sometimes two or more events happen at the same time. Words such as meanwhile and during can show this.

Compare and Contrast PB 213 Greek and roman Cultures Similarities Different 1. People lived in warm climates 3. Rome was a huge empire. 2. They both produced great poets and artists. 4. Rome had more advanced building methods 5. _____________________________________________________________

A locul farm boy guided Hiram Bingham to Machu picchu. 2. The cityies location had been a secrit to most people until then.

Comparatives & Superlatives

What’s your function? A comparative compares two items. nicer, cooler, meaner A superlative compares three items. nicest, coolest, meanest They can be used as adjectives.

Grammar Warm-up small fast great long much good Write one comparative sentence and one superlative sentence for each adjective listed below: small fast great long much good

What is the comparative form of the adjective slow? What is the superlative form of the adjective slow?

Did You Know… Adjectives that have two or more syllables sometime require more or most to make the comparative and superlative forms.

What is the comparative form of the adjective ferocious? What is the superlative form of the adjective ferocious?

Day 2 - Question of the Day Why do you think Hiram Bingham was willing to go on such a difficult expedition?

Vocabulary Strategy – Greek and Latin Roots Many English words have Latin or Greek roots. For example, the Latin word terra means “earth, land.” Part of it appears in words such as terrain and territory. The Latin word gloria means “praise”; part of it appears in words such as glorify, meaning “to praise.” You might be able to use Latin and Greek roots to help you figure out the meaning of an unknown word.

Practice Word Structure 1. What is the Latin word for terraced? terra – it has to do with land 2. How does the root in glorious… it means “praise” 3. What do you think terrain means?... refers to ground you walk on – “land” 4. It does not make sense . . . it refers to something worth of praise 5. Write a sentence. . . ________________________________

an eager desire to know or learn curiosity an eager desire to know or learn

magnificent; splendid glorious magnificent; splendid

what is left after a building, wall, etc., has fallen to pieces ruins what is left after a building, wall, etc., has fallen to pieces

granite a very hard gray or pink rock that is formed when lava cools slowly underground

bushes or small trees growing close together thickets bushes or small trees growing close together

a violent, rushing stream of water torrent a violent, rushing stream of water

terraced formed into a flat, level land with steep sides; terraces are often made in hilly areas to create more space for farming

remote out of the way; secluded

covered with rough edges; rough and uneven rugged covered with rough edges; rough and uneven

dared to come or go (to a new or unknown place) ventured dared to come or go (to a new or unknown place)

built with bricks made from clay baked in the sun adobe built with bricks made from clay baked in the sun

highland related to a region that is higher and hillier than the neighboring countryside

terraces flat raised levels of land with straight or sloping sides. Terraces are often made one above the other in hilly areas to create more space for raising crops.

Weekly Fluency Check - Phrasing Grouping words that go together and making corrections if you make mistakes helps listeners to understand a selection better. Break up long sentences by grouping related words into meaningful phrases. Echo read the last paragraph on p. 544.

3. After an long climb Bingham came across the city. 4 3. After an long climb Bingham came across the city. 4. The ruins were the better he had ever seed.

SOME RULES ABOUT FORMING COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES One syllable adjectives generally form the comparative by adding -er and the superlative by adding -est, e.g.: Adjective Comparative Superlative Soft Softer The softest Cheap Cheaper The cheapest Sweet Sweeter The sweetest Thin Thinner The thinnest

SPELLING RULES Note that if a one syllable adjective ends in a single vowel letter followed by a single consonant letter, the consonant letter is doubled, e.g.: thin → thinner, big → biggest. If an adjective ends in -e, this is removed when adding -er/-est, e.g.: wide → wider/widest. If an adjective ends in a consonant followed by -y, -y is replaced by -i when adding -er/-est, e.g.: dry → drier/driest.

TWO SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES two syllable adjectives which end in -y usually form the comparative by adding -er and the superlative by adding -est, (note the change of -y to -i in the comparative/superlative) e.g.: Adjective Comparative superlative Lucky luckier The luckiest Pretty Prettier The prettiest Tidy Tidier The tidiest

TWO SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES two syllable adjectives ending in -ed, -ing, -ful, or -less always form the comparative with more and the superlative with the most, e.g.: Adjective Comparative superlative Worried More worried The most worried Boring More boring The most boring Careful More careful The most careful Useless More useless The most useless

THREE SYLLABLE ADJECTIVES Adjectives which have three or more syllables always form the comparative and superlative with MORE and THE MOST, e.g.: The only exceptions are some three syllable adjectives which have been formed by adding the prefix -un to another adjective, especially those formed from an adjective ending in -y. These adjectives can form comparatives and superlatives by using more/most or adding -er/-est, e.g.: unhappy – unhappier – the unhappiest/ the most unhappy Adjective Comparative Superlative Dangerous More dangerous The most dangerous Difficult More difficult The most difficult

Group WOrk Readers & WB 214 Spelling Day 2 Language Arts WB 85 Tri-fold Section 2 SmartBoard- Vocabulary

Day 3 - Question of the Day What are some of the difficulties and satisfactions in the life of an archeologist?

Review Questions Why might so few people have known about the ruins? What might have happened before the boy had a dream about the stranger? What did Bingham see after he found the sun temple? Make a generalization about the Incas from what you have learned in this story. Why did the author include the boy’s thoughts?

Review Questions What did the boy call the camera? Why? What is the main idea of the selection? How was the author’s search for the ruins different from Bingham’s? How would you describe the journey to Machu Picchu? How are Cusco and the first capital of the Inca alike? Different?

Archeologists have curiosity about people who lived long ago.

Archeologists have curiosity about people who lived long ago.

They had to cut their way through jungles with thickets full of dangerous animals.

They had to cut their way through jungles with thickets full of dangerous animals.

Professor Bingham discovered the lost ruins of Machu Picchu.

Professor Bingham discovered the lost ruins of Machu Picchu.

What looks like rocks to us might be a glorious sight to a scientist.

What looks like rocks to us might be a glorious sight to a scientist.

The terraced fields on the side of the mountain were for growing crops.

The terraced fields on the side of the mountain were for growing crops.

Granite cliffs rose thousands of feet above the river.

Granite cliffs rose thousands of feet above the river.

The farmers cut terraces on steep hillsides to create flat places to farm.

The farmers cut terraces on steep hillsides to create flat places to farm.

A farmer’s home was usually a one-room adobe hut.

A farmer’s home was usually a one-room adobe hut.

They had to cross mountain rivers that fall in a raging torrent.

They had to cross mountain rivers that fall in a raging torrent.

Nights in the highlands were very cold.

Nights in the highlands were very cold.

5. What an amazing place this were for a city. 6 5. What an amazing place this were for a city. 6. How do people centuries ago build anything so high in the mountains.

Group Work Partner Read & WB 127-128 Spelling Day 3 Language Arts WB 86 Tri-Fold Section 3 SmartBoard- Reading Review

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Day 4 - Question of the Day - Review How is visiting Machu Picchu today different from the trip Hiram Bingham made?

7. Machu Picchu is famouser than this inca city. 8 7. Machu Picchu is famouser than this inca city. 8. Thousands of tourists visits every year, they bring money to the local economy.

Group Work Reading Computer Test Language Arts WB 87 Essay Questions Tri-fold Section 4

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Essay Questions Why might so few people have known about the ruins? Why did the boy call the camera a “black box”? How was the author’s search for the ruins different than Bingham’s?

Day 5 - Question of the Week TE 488L What surprises can happen on an expedition?

Study Skill – Outline TE 559L Outlining helps you understand text structure and remember information. An outline is a plan that show how a story or other text is organized. You can also you an outline to organize your thoughts before you write something of your own. Outlining information can also help you prepare for tests.

Study Skill – Outline TE 559L The title is listed at the top of the outline. Topics are the most important ideas. They are identified with Roman numerals. Subtitles are listed under a topic and tell more about it. They are identified with capital letters. Details are listed under a subtopic and tell more about it. They are identified with numbers. Let’s look at PB 219 and 220.

Practice Outlines Machu Picchu (Title) I. In the Past (Main Idea) A. The Inca People (Subtopic) B. The End of the Inca C. The Legacy 1. Architecture (details) 2. Artifacts 3. Roads II. Modern History A. Rediscovery 1911 B. C.

5. What an amazing place this were for a city. 6 5. What an amazing place this were for a city. 6. How do people centuries ago build anything so high in the mountains.

Group Work Reading WB 219-220 Language Arts WB 88 Writing Assignment Tri-Fold Section 5 SmartBoard Game - Comparing with Adjectives

Writing Assignment Write a Poem Write a brief poem using at least 3 spelling words. The poem may be rhyming or non-rhyming. It may be about any acceptable subject matter.

Additional Resources More about Machu Picchu Photo Essay of Machu Picchu Web Quest Great PowerPoint on Machu Picchu Machu Picchu - How They Kept the Secret More on the Incas Inca Trail Map Reading Review Vocabulary Comparing with Adjectives Adjectives - Comparative & Superlative Quiz Adjectives preceded by "more" Quiz BrainPop: Outlines