Broadcast 1 WRAP 0970C
Broadcast Calculations for –FM sound broadcasting –Analogue television –T-DAB digital sound –DVB-T, ISDB-T, ATSC digital television Performs interference calculations and frequency assignment 2 WRAP 0970C
Broadcast Based on international recommendations: –ITU BS Planning standards for terrestrial FM sound broadcasting at VHF –ITU BT Radio-frequency protection ratios for AM vestigial sideband terrestrial television systems interfered with by unwanted analogue vision signals and their associated sound signals –EBU BPN 003, Technical bases for T-DAB services network planning and compatibility with existing broadcasting services –ITU-R BT , Planning criteria for digital terrestrial television services in the VHF/UHF bands –and several others… 3 WRAP 0970C
Basic concepts (1) Important parameters: –Protection ratio, PR [dB] The required difference in dB between the level of the wanted signal and the level of the interfering signal to achieve the required quality of reception –Usable field strength, E u [dB V/m] The required field strength of a wanted signal to achieve the required quality of reception, considering multiple interfering signals and their corresponding protection ratios –Nuisance field strength, E n [dB V/m] The equivalent required field strength of a wanted signal to achieve the required quality of reception, considering a single interfering signal and its corresponding protection ratio –Interferer field strength, E i [dB V/m] The field strength of a single interfering signal 4 WRAP 0970C
Basic concepts (2) Nuisance field strength, E n [dB V/m]: E n = E i + PR Usable field strength, E u [dB V/m]: E u = Sum [E n ] Selectable summation methods (“Sum” above): –Power-sum –Log-normal –k-LNM (Log-normal with a coefficient k) 5 WRAP 0970C
Settings 6 WRAP 0970C
Interference evaluation FM sound, analogue TV Protection ratios for FM Sound –Transmitter spectrum properties and receiver selectivity –Protection at transmitter frequency +/ MHz (local oscillator frequency of receivers) Protection ratios for analogue TV –Transmitter spectrum properties and receiver selectivity –Protection at transmitter frequency +/- receiver intermediate frequency (+ or - as applicable for system type) –Protection at transmitter frequency +/- 2 x receiver IF (image, + or - as applicable for system type) –Non-controlled, Non-precision, Precision offset 7 WRAP 0970C
Interference evaluation T-DAB, digital TV Protection ratios for T-DAB –Transmitter spectrum properties and receiver selectivity Protection ratios for digital TV –Transmitter spectrum properties and receiver selectivity Constructive signal summation in single- frequency networks (SFN) is considered for the wanted signal Interference calculations within SFN’s consider guard times, useful signal duration and propagation delays Receiver synchronises to strongest signal in SFN 8 WRAP 0970C
System types FM Sound –Mono, stereo –Frequency deviation: ±50 kHz, ±75 kHz Analogue television –Video: B, G, M, D, D1, H, I, K, K1, L –Colour: Monochrome, PAL, SECAM, NTSC –Sound: Mono, Analogue multisound, Digital multisound –Offset: Non-controlled, Non-precision, Precision T-DAB Digital television –DVB-T –ISDB-T –ATSC 9 WRAP 0970C
Test points Test points are placed automatically at –The edge of the service area in the direction of the interferer, as close to the interfering station as possible –For no service area: The point where the wanted transmitter generates the minimum usable field strength –The minimum distance between a test point and interfering transmitters can be defined Test points can be placed manually in the map Parameters evaluated at each test point: –Individual nuisance field from each interferer, E n = E i + PR –Usable field strength, E u = Sum [E n ] –Wanted signal field strength, E w –Margin, M = E w – E u 10 WRAP 0970C
Statistical considerations Propagation models should be used with settings to give the median location statistics value and the desired time statistics value Median values are presented for –Nuisance field, E n –Usable field strength, E u –Wanted signal field strength, E w The Margin, M, value considers the selected probability of interference –M = E w – E u –M has a log-normal distribution with parameters Median: M 50% = E w50% - E u50% Standard deviation, S: S 2 = (S w ) 2 + (S u ) 2 –A frequency is assignable if M 0 for selected probability 11 WRAP 0970C
Test points (automatic) 12 WRAP 0970C
Interference result 13 WRAP 0970C
Nuisance field, Margin in FQA Worst interfering station The largest nuisance field against the marked station among all contributing interferers in the test point with the lowest margin, the station generating this value and the margin at that test point. Worst interfered station The largest nuisance field from the marked station at that of its test points with the lowest margin, the station being subjected to this field and the margin at that test point. 14 WRAP 0970C
Nuisance field, Margin in FQA (TV frequency offset) Nuisance fields, margins and the margin diagram in the Frequency Assignment tab show the current situation (existing assignments) for the frequencies indicated as “Used”. Other frequencies show the most favourable offset assignment in the non-precision and precision offset cases. 15 WRAP 0970C
Frequency assignment (TV) 16 WRAP 0970C Example of results for non-precision offset (TV)