Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice Chapter 5 Behavioral Theories of Learning This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. ISBN:

“You often learn when you don’t intend to learn, and you often teach when you don’t intend to teach”

What is Learning? n A Change in Behavior as a Result of Experience n Examples of Learned Behaviors n Non-Examples (Unlearned Behaviors) n Intentional Learning n Unintentional Learning n Behavioral Theories of Learning Emphasize Observable Behavior

Pavlov: Classical Conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus Unconditioned Response Neutral Stimulus Conditioned Response Conditioned Stimulus

Give an Example of Classical Conditioning in a Classroom Setting

Can You Identify the Components in Classical Conditioning Examples? n Unconditioned Stimulus n Unconditioned Response n Conditioned Stimulus n Conditioned Response

Thorndike: The Law of Effect “…the consequences of one’s present behavior play a crucial role in determining one’s future behavior.” (p. 144)

B.F. Skinner

Skinner: Operant Conditioning StimulusReinforcementResponse

Principles: Reinforcement n A Consequence That Strengthens a Behavior n Repeat: Reinforcement Strengthens a Behavior n If the Frequency of a Behavior Increases After a Consequence, the Consequence is a Reinforcer n There Are Several Types of Reinforcers

Principles: Reinforcers n Primary and Secondary n Positive and Negative n Free and Contingent (Premack Principle) n Intrinsic and Extrinsic n Continuous and Intermittent (Schedules)

Principles: Punishment n A Consequence That Weakens a Behavior n Repeat: Punishment Weakens a Behavior n If the Frequency of a Behavior Decreases After a Consequence, the Consequence is a Punisher n There Are Several Types of Punishers

Principles: Punishers n Presentation and Removal n Time Out n Effectiveness of Punishment

Can You Distinguish Between the Different Types of Behavioral Consequences? n Positive Reinforcement n Negative Reinforcement n Punishment

Principles: Shaping n Reinforcing Approaching Final Behavior n Breaking Task into Parts n Using in Classroom

Principles: Extinction n Behavior That Is Not Reinforced Will Weaken n Extinction Burst n Considerations In Classroom Management

Social Learning Theory: Bandura n Modeling n Phases of Observational Learning

Behavioral Principles in the Classroom n Avoid Overjustification Effect - Zimbardo n Guidelines on the use of Rewards - Deci u Give Rewards to Inform u Rewards Should Not Be Used to Manipulate u Reward for Academic Performance u Reward Incentives Should Be Inconspicuous u Bribes Weaken Intrinsic Motivation