11/20 Focus 11/20 Focus: – Athens and Sparta were the two dominant city-states in Greece before the Peloponnesian War. – The war weakened both the military and economy of Athens and Sparta and made it possible for the Macedonians to take over Greece. Do Now Do Now: – Identify the two forms of Greek drama.

Ancient Greece

Peloponnesian War War fought between Athens and Sparta from BC

Causes of the War Athens established the Delian League after the Persian War – Athens dominated the other city states in the league Controlled the alliance Would not allow city-states to leave the league Uses the league to increase it wealth, influence and naval power

Causes of the War Sparta and its allies form the Peloponnesian League Formed to provide protection for its members Resented the growing influence of Athens – Saw Athenian navy as a threat to trade

War Athens and Sparta go to war in 431 B.C. Athens tried to avoid land battles with Sparta Sparta invades Athenian territory – Athenians take refuge inside Athens Plague breaks out Pericles dies Athenian navy destroyed by Sparta Athens and its allies surrender in 404 BC

Effects of the War Greek city-states severely weakened by war Athens loses its power, influence, and wealth – Navy destroyed – Army severely weakened – Allies abandon Athens Sparta dominates for a short period of time but can’t maintain control – Army weakened – Defeated by the Greek city-state Thebes

Closure What city-state dominated the Delian League? What happened inside Athens that killed large numbers of Athens during the Spartan siege of the city? What was one effect of the Peloponnesian War?

11/21 Focus: 11/21 Focus: – Alexander the Great formed a huge empire, spread Greek culture into Egypt and many parts of Asia, and paved the way for new civilizations to develop. Do Now Do Now – Identify two effects of the Peloponnesian War.

Macedonia Kingdom to the north of Greece Phillip of Macedonia conquers Greece in 338 B.C.

Alexander the Great Son of Phillip of Macedonia – Studied politics and war Student of Aristotle Becomes King of Macedonia – Phillip is stabbed to death by a former guard

Alexander the Great Conquests allow him to form a huge empire – Greece – Nile River Valley – Persia – Part of India

Hellenistic Culture Alexander encouraged blending of cultures in areas he conquered – Creates new cities (ex. Alexandria in Egypt) – Encourages people from other parts of the empire to move to these cities Cultural Diffusion leads to the formation of Hellenistic Culture – Blending of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures

Hellenistic Culture Hellenistic culture gave more rights and opportunities to women – Gain political power Ended the independent city-states in Greece – Absolute rule becomes the dominate form of government

Closure What was the name of the alliance of city states established by Athens? What was the primary effect of the Peloponnesian War on Greece? How did Alexander the Great contribute to cultural diffusion?

Review Learning about beliefs and ideas by asking questions Believed government should be run by philosophers Believed one strong and good leader should rule Put to death by the government Divided society into three classes: Workers, soldiers, and philosophers Believed people learned through reason

Review Oligarchy Military Society Trade and travel not allowed Military training for all boys Women could own property Direct Democracy Trade and travel encouraged Value education Women seen as inferior ? ? ?

Review Geographic Feature Effect Mountainous Terrain Coastline with many natural harbors Limited fertile valleys; rocky soil

Review Identify two effects of the Persian Wars on Greek city-states

Review What were the two early civilizations in Greece that formed the basis for the classical Greek civilization?

Review What characterized Athens during its golden age?

Closure How did Alexander the Great contribute to cultural diffusion?