American Civil War

Confederacy v. Union South North

ConfederateUnion

Nicknames South: - Rebels- Confederates - Rebs.- Army of Northern VA - Johnny Reb (individual) North North: - Union- Army of the Potomac - Yankees- Lincoln Lovers - Billy Yank (individual)

Border States KY, MO, MD, DE KY, MO, MD, DE Martial Law Martial Law Must protect Washington, DC Must protect Washington, DC Limit freedoms; suspend Habeas Corpus Limit freedoms; suspend Habeas Corpus

- Population (22 mil.) - 90% of industrial goods (guns, ammo) - Railroads - Navy (blockades) - Recruited slaves for army (200,000) Advantages of North

Military Leaders (Lee, Longstreet, Jackson) Military Leaders (Lee, Longstreet, Jackson) Defensive Strategy Defensive Strategy Psychological Advantages Psychological Advantages However….. However….. Poor transportation networks Poor transportation networks Only 10% of factories Only 10% of factories Small population (9 mil.) Small population (9 mil.) No allies (slavery) No allies (slavery) Advantages of South

The Monitor Technology in Civil War

More accurate cannons

Metal Ships

Gatling Gun

Shrapnel Shrapnel Explosion

Hot Air Balloons

Primitive Submarines The Alligator

Factories & Munition Supplies

Quick Write: Plan for Victory Assume the role of a Northern general and develop a plan for victory Assume the role of a Northern general and develop a plan for victory Remember, you are fighting an offensive campaign to re-claim the south into the Union Remember, you are fighting an offensive campaign to re-claim the south into the Union

Scott's Anaconda Plan 3 Pronged Attack 3 Pronged Attack Weaken South; limit Union casualties Weaken South; limit Union casualties Military & Economic Tactics Military & Economic Tactics “Squeeze” the south “Squeeze” the south Timetable : 2-3 years Timetable : 2-3 years

Political Cartoon of Scott's Plan Political Cartoon of Scott's Plan - Northern Newspaper circa Northern Newspaper circa 1860 Scott's Anaconda Plan

1.) Blockade Southern Ports - cut off trade - prevents exports of cotton - severely weakens economy 1.) Blockade Southern Ports - cut off trade - prevents exports of cotton - severely weakens economy 2.) Attack from North - DUH! 2.) Attack from North - DUH! 3.) Control Mississippi River - cut off TX, AR, MO from Confederacy - launch second attack from West 3.) Control Mississippi River - cut off TX, AR, MO from Confederacy - launch second attack from West

Early Southern Victories Gen. Lee's army is undefeated for the first 1 ½ years of war Gen. Lee's army is undefeated for the first 1 ½ years of war Notable Victories: Notable Victories: - Battle of Bull Run - 2 nd Battle of Bull Run - Shenendoah Valley Campaign

Battle of Antietam 1 st major battle in North 1 st major battle in North Bloodiest single day in US history - 23,000 killed and wounded Bloodiest single day in US history - 23,000 killed and wounded Ends in stalemate Ends in stalemate Lee must abandon invasion of MD Lee must abandon invasion of MD

Antietam : Image Analysis - Please get out your Antietam Image packet - Work with a partner & answer Question 1

Freed slaves in ONLY southern states Freed slaves in ONLY southern states DID NOT free slaves in border states DID NOT free slaves in border states Did not legalize slaves as citizens (13 th Amendment) Did not legalize slaves as citizens (13 th Amendment) Emancipation Proclamation

Impacts? 1.) 200,000 slaves join Union army 2.) Prevents foreign alliance for South 3.) Military action by Lincoln 4.) Meant to economically weaken South

July 1-3, 1863; turning point in war July 1-3, 1863; turning point in war Lee invades PA Lee invades PA Confederate bombardment; Union held firm on mountain ridge Confederate bombardment; Union held firm on mountain ridge Seminary Ridge Seminary Ridge Little Round Top Little Round Top Pickett’s Charge Pickett’s Charge Battle of Gettysburg

Col. Joshua Chamberlain & the 20 th Maine

Battle of Gettysburg - Lee was defeated and retreated to VA - Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere -Over 100, 000 casualties in 3 days  It was the last time the South invaded the North!!!

“that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” “that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” - President Lincoln - President Lincoln Gettysburg Address

Battle of Vicksburg July 4, 1863; day after Gettysburg July 4, 1863; day after Gettysburg North wins; Grant controls Mississippi River North wins; Grant controls Mississippi River Grant promoted to General of entire Union army Grant promoted to General of entire Union army “Scorched Earth” & “Total War” policies “Scorched Earth” & “Total War” policies Targeted Virginia's Shenendoah Valley and the southeastern coast (NC, SC, GA) Targeted Virginia's Shenendoah Valley and the southeastern coast (NC, SC, GA)

General Sherman's March to the Sea Final phase to secure Union victory Final phase to secure Union victory Marched 300 miles in GA; capture Atlanta & Savannah Marched 300 miles in GA; capture Atlanta & Savannah Psychological Warfare Psychological Warfare Destroyed thousand of acres of land in GA Destroyed thousand of acres of land in GA Continued to march up coast of Carolinas, inflicting further damage Continued to march up coast of Carolinas, inflicting further damage

General Sherman's March to the Sea

Sherman's March: By the Numbers Destroyed 300+ miles of railroads, telegraph lines, and state highways Destroyed 300+ miles of railroads, telegraph lines, and state highways Captured: - 5,000 horses - 13,000 cattle million lbs. of corn - 2,000 confederate rifles - 10,000 slaves Captured: - 5,000 horses - 13,000 cattle million lbs. of corn - 2,000 confederate rifles - 10,000 slaves Inflicted more than $100 million in damage to infrastructure & private property Inflicted more than $100 million in damage to infrastructure & private property

First all-black regiment of Union Army (still commanded by white officers) First all-black regiment of Union Army (still commanded by white officers) Initially they were only used for manual labor Initially they were only used for manual labor Eventually, they were called upon for live combat Eventually, they were called upon for live combat William Carney 54 th Massachusetts

54 th Mass. & the Battle of Fort Wagner (July 18, 1863)

Lee surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865 “Oath of Loyalty” “Oath of Loyalty” Terms of surrender were lenient Terms of surrender were lenient Avoid humiliating S. Avoid humiliating S. Issue of states' rights "solved"- Federal govt. had asserted its power Issue of states' rights "solved"- Federal govt. had asserted its power Appomattox Court House

Civil War: By the Numbers - Over 618,000 military casualties during Civil War - More than all previous US Wars combined - Due to advanced weaponry, long campaigns, and military draft (1 st ever in US)

POLITICAL & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS Without Southerners in Federal govt., many changes occurred that benefited the North: 1) Homestead Act - Westward expansion - Westward expansion acres for free! acres for free! 2) Union-Pacific Railway - Northern railroad; trade potential 3) Tariffs - Protect N. industries; S. buys northern goods

EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR Unifies country; abolishes Confederacy Unifies country; abolishes Confederacy Abolition of slavery Abolition of slavery Increased power of Federal Govt. Increased power of Federal Govt. Limited state's power & rights Limited state's power & rights U.S. becomes an Industrial Nation U.S. becomes an Industrial Nation Nationalism Nationalism Western lands open to settlement Western lands open to settlement Damage/devastation in S. Damage/devastation in S. Reconstruction created to integrate S. back into the Union Reconstruction created to integrate S. back into the Union