Ch. 11 Sec. 1

 After Ft. Sumter, many Southern officers had to decide if they would stay in the Union Army, or join the CSA.  About 1/3 of the Union officers resigned, joined CSA.  Robert E. Lee

 1. Fighting a defensive war.  Did not have to defeat the North.  2. Superior moral cause.  3. Generally more talented officers.  4. Frontier background  5. Possibility of foreign intervention.

 1. Industrial capacity  2. Superior transportation.  3. Superior finances.  4. Superior leadership (Presidential)  5. Superior gov’t structure.  6. Dominance of naval power  7. Population

 Anaconda Plan (Winfield Scott’s Plan)-  1. Blockade the South  Weaken them by attrition  2. Control the Mississippi River.  3. Split the CSA by controlling the Tennessee River.  4. Capture Vicksburg, New Orleans, and Memphis

 1. Defensive war of attrition.  2. Receive European support.  Poor strategy. Believed that by withholding cotton from Europe, they would be willing to help with the war. Instead, Europe seeks cotton elsewhere.  The CSA also strangely requested no taxes from the states in 1861.

 North  1.5 Million serve in Union Army  1 out of 7 deserted  30% of enlisted men are draftees  South  900,000 serve the CSA  1 out of 9 deserted  6% of enlisted are draftees  Majority on both sides are under 21.

 Conscription-the forcing of people into military service- was used to draft soldiers in the Union.  To enforce, Lincoln suspended habeas corpus for those who resisted the draft or supported the CSA.  Greatly criticized.

 Union-  94,000 battle deaths, 210,000 disease  CSA  90,000 battle deaths, 180,000 disease  Almost 600,000 deaths out of a pop. Of 31 million.  Poor medical treatment.  “Ninety-nine surgeons out of one hundred would not know whether his patient had horse distemper, lame toe, or any other disease.”  “There are not less than a dozen doctors from whom our men have as much to fear as from their Northern enemies.”

 Huge difference of opinion of the war in the North.  War Democrats  Favored the war, believed the Union was indispensible.  “Copperheads” or Peace Democrats  Wanted a peaceful solution to the war.  Were often criticized and accused of treason.  The south had a disorganized political party system.  Opinions to the war were personal and petty.

 April CSA tries to send diplomats, John Slidell and James Mason to Britain.  Stopped by a Union ship and arrested.  British outraged- organize troops in Canada.  Union apologizes, releases Mason and Slidell.  Fear of British-CSA alliance

 Union relies of taxes and bonds.  Passes a National Banking Act.  Print $150M in greenbacks.  CSA prints $100M in crudely engraved bills  Results in huge inflation.  900% inflation for CSA  0% for Union

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