Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic CHAPTER 7 The Roman World Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic Section 2: Rome Expands Its Borders Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire Section 4: Roman Society and Culture Section 5: The Rise of Christianity Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire

SECTION 1 Founding the Roman Republic Question: What are some characteristics of Roman patricians and plebeians?

controlled government SECTION 1 Founding the Roman Republic controlled government inherited power farmers / workers barred from office Patricians Plebeians majority barred from office landowners nobles

Question: What were the causes and outcomes of the Punic Wars? SECTION 2 Rome Expands Its Borders Question: What were the causes and outcomes of the Punic Wars?

Rome Expands Its Borders SECTION 2 Rome Expands Its Borders Punic Wars Causes Results First Punic War Carthage was afraid Rome would take Sicily; Rome was afraid Carthage would close the Adriatic Sea and the Strait of Messina. Carthage asked for peace; had to pay indemnity and give up control of Sicily. Second Punic War Hannibal invaded Italy. Carthage asked for peace; paid an indemnity and lost the Spanish colonies. Third Punic War Some Romans passionately hated Carthage; Rome declared war. Carthage was destroyed.

Question: How did political events weaken the Roman Empire? SECTION 3 Israel and the Occupied Territories The Birth of the Roman Empire Question: How did political events weaken the Roman Empire?

The Birth of the Roman Empire SECTION 3 The Birth of the Roman Empire Gracchus brothers introduce reforms angry senators kill both Gracchus brothers violence = primary tool of Roman politics leaders recruit personal armies Sulla marches on Rome; civil war Sulla establishes dictatorship

Question: What are some reasons why the Romans had a strong empire? SECTION 4 Roman Society and Culture Question: What are some reasons why the Romans had a strong empire?

Roman Society and Culture SECTION 4 Roman Society and Culture stationed along frontiers soldiers made citizens kept peace Roman Army revised Twelve Tables provincial official Strong Empire encouraged widespread trade Government and Law Trade and Transportation strong emperor farm goods and luxury goods enforced law roads and bridges kept order

SECTION 5 The Rise of Christianity Question: What are the major events in the development of Christianity?

Spread of Christianity Acceptance and Organization SECTION 5 The Rise of Christianity Jesus Spread of Christianity Acceptance and Organization personally taught in Judaea gained followers crucified believed risen from dead disciples deliver message spreads slowly through empire outlawed by Romans Christians persecuted accepted by Romans, Constantine made official religion priests, bishops, patriarchs, pope church councils set down beliefs

SECTION 6 The Fall of the Western Empire Question: What were the causes of the fall of the Roman Empire in the West?

Decline of the Roman Empire SECTION 6 The Fall of the Western Empire Decline of the Roman Empire Political/Military Economic Social • inadequate government for size of empire • expense of defending and maintaining empire • too many poor • loss of patriotism, interest in government, and political honesty • competition for power • heavy taxes • loss of income • army interference made government unstable • decline of manufacturing and agriculture • dependence on German troops

Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 7 1. What two major factors helped Rome unify its empire and maintain peace? 2. What ideas and inventions did the Romans borrow and adapt from the Greeks? 3. How did Rome’s relationship with the people it conquered change over time?