EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Directive on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe + Implementing Provisions Andrej Kobe ENV C3, DG Environment

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Content l New Air Quality Directive l Implementing Provisions m Data Exchange Group l Other Activities l Implementation issues, early warnings l /461/EC submission m First impressions

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Process 6EAPBetter regulation CAFE Science & peer review Implementation experience IAM + CBA Stakeholder involvement Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution Proposal AQ Directive COM (2005) 447 COM: orientation debate, Competitiveness & Lisbon group Co-decision : Council & European Parliament Adopted AQD, Transposition, Implementation, Review

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 State of play l Commission m Proposal October 2005 l EP m first reading 27 September l Council m Political agreement 23 October (NL/PL against) l 2 nd reading : 1 st half 2007 l Entry into force :2 nd half 2007?

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 AQD revision l CAFE results  PM 2.5 objectives l Better regulation l Experience with implementation m Flattening/reverse of PM10, NO2 trends after 2000 m >1/3 of all zones exceeding PM10 daily LV m Abatement r Often weak and/or late measures r Often high transboundary pollution aspect u Cooperation between MS very weak r Community measures?

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 What’s new (1) Environmental objectives for PM 2,5 Concentration cap (limit value) Exposure reduction target lConcentration cap of 25µg/m 3 annual average to apply everywhere Robust monitoring of PM 2.5 concentrations l Target to reduce national average measured urban background concentration by 20% between 2010 and 2020 subject to later review where differentiated MS legal objectives to be proposed l Exposure reduction target should drive measures to deliver the objectives of the Thematic Strategy

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 What’s new (2) Addressing compliance problems (Article 20)  Attainment date not yet arrived (NO 2 )  Attainment data passed (PM 10 )  Time extension once, up to 5 years, subject to conditions  LV in force, but at LV+MoT level

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 What’s new (3) Reporting  To be adopted by the Committee  Prepared by Data Exchange Group  Explicit requirements in Art. 25  INSPIRE, Shared Env Information System

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 What’s new (4) lSpatial applicability of critical levels for the protection of ecosystems lDeduction of natural sources (Article 19) lFurther QA/QC provisions lBackground monitoring requirement

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Issues raised (1) Spatial applicability of the limit value  LV applies throughout territory  Reasonable application of the rules of evidence  (-) Close to the ground  (-) Very small areas (when modelling)  Council : explicit exclusion of compliance assessment  No Access AND no habitation  On the road, on the central reservation of roads

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Issues raised (2) PM monitoring  EP : 50% reduction for ‘new’ PM2.5  Council : combined PM10/PM2.5 monitoring reduction by 25%  Ratio 1 : 2 required  Urban background PM2.5 for exposure reduction required  Where PM10 exceedances in last 3 years maintain  Council : raise PM assessment threshold levels  Consistence PM thresholds with other pollutants

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Issues raised (4) Daily PM10 limit value  Council : maintain as is  NL : delete!  EP : weaken  MS can decide to lift from 35 to 55 allowed days over 50 micrograms/m3

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Issues raised (4) Annual PM10 limit value  Council : maintain as is  EP : strengthen  Reduce from 40 to 33 micrograms/m 3 in 2010  Beware : time extensions!  30 roughly comparable to daily 35/50  (WG PM position paper 2004)

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Issues raised (5) Fine particles PM 2.5 EPEP m PM 2.5 concentration cap stricter at 20µg/m 3 but delayed until m Differentiated exposure reduction for urban PM 2.5 r <10µg/m 3 average (AEI) then 0% national reduction r 10-15µg/m 3 average then variable 10% national reduction r 15-20µg/m 3 average then 15% national reduction r 20-25µg/m 3 average then 20% national reduction r >25µg/m 3 average then all appropriate measures to reach AEI = 20µg/m 3 l Council m PM 2.5 concentration cap 25µg/m 3 but delayed until m Differentiated exposure reduction for urban PM 2.5 by 2020 r = <7µg/m 3 average then 0% national reduction r >7-13µg/m 3 average then variable (AEI x 1.5)% national reduction r >13µg/m 3 average then 20% national reduction l Implementation schedule m UB stations by 2008 r derogation by 2009 – only 2 year average for ERT, or same ERT for only 9 years m Other stations by the transposition date

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Issues raised (6) Time extensions of LV attainment date, under conditions CommissionCommission < 5 years for all pollutants, from attainment date Example : PM , PM , NO CouncilCouncil NO2 <5 years, PM10 < 3 years after entry into force Example: PM *, (PM ), NO EPEP PM 10 : 4+2 years after entry into force, NO 2 4 years unconditional Example: PM , (PM at 20), NO Link to Community measures

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Final thoughts l Important 2013 review m new data on PM2.5, make exposure reduction obligatory l Exposure reduction will deliver TS objectives m Too strict PM2.5 LV would focus measures in hotspots l Commission positions m considers Council political agreement maintains balance m Prefer realistic LV & time extensions as short as possible m Commissioner against weakening r Daily PM10 has to be maintained

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Implementing provisions l Objectives m Modern, electronic, streamlined reporting m Reduction of administrative burden r Minimize interaction due to QC r Reduce need for user interaction r Maximize use of IT r Minimize burden for aggregation m Added value of information content r Including spatial nature of AQ information m Adopt SEIS, INSPIRE concepts

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 INSPIRE l Directive m conciliation between EP and Council in November m Main issues access to data & its potential costs m Strong interest from other sectors (AGRI etc) l Implementation m First drafts of implementing rules to be available soon m DEG is INSPIRE SDIC responsible for AQ theme m DEG needs to support the process

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Shared Env. Information System l SEIS = information infrastructure (3 pillars) m EPRG endorsed, but still fairly unknown – information package before end 2006 m Communication by COM in 2 nd half 2007, potentially with legislative proposal to ensure legal basis m Further Group of 4 (ENV,ESTAT,JRC,EEA) agreements in preparation for sustainable support of data centers & horizontal units m Addressing data policy issues m Timescale : full electronic reporting by 2009, followed by move to distributed system (INSPIRE based) l What do we do? m EIONET follows development through EEA and DEG

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Related activities - contracts l Representativeness, classification of stations (UBA AT) m Interim and methodology report available l Support to work on Implementing provisions (UBA AT) m Impact assessment, preparation of guidance, examples l Administrative arrangement with JRC ‘Inspire’ unit (in prep.) m Steered by ENV/EEA/DEG m Support to Member States and EEA in IP realisation m Manage pilot projects in (up to) 2+2 Member States r Service contracts with institutions involved in AQ reporting on a national level m Exploiting synergies with other themes

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Related activities - other l EEA activities m Data centre; Ozone web, QC of reporting and EoI-Questionnaire link, work on spatial data, Reportnet, indicators l GMES m Fast track service “Atmosphere” – remote sensing and modelling services to support assessment by Member States m Workshop in December, Brussels : final terms of reference, description and timetable for implementation l Air4EU m Air quality monitoring and modeling; requirements m Final workshop/presentation of results in November, Prague l Assesment of plans and programmes (contract) l Administrative arrangement on use of remote sensing and determination of contribution of natural sources (with JRC) l Preparation of integrated QA/QC programme (with JRC,AQUILA)

EIONET, La Rochelle October 2006 Implementation l 4DD m Transposition by 15 February 2007 m Monitoring : HM (including Hg!), PAH m Preliminary assessment l Monitoring PM2.5 m Urban background for exposure reduction indicator m Compliance with limit value m Chemical composition l Integrated QA/QC : m roles JRC, AQUILA, EEA (EIONET?), DEG l Air quality plans m Assessment, modelling, source apportionment, identification of measures m Link to /coherence with Climate Change, NEC,… m Plan for exposure reduction m Political adoption process, public participation Reporting is not a separate exercise Be proactive and ensure yourself quality input!

EIONET, La Rochelle October /461/EC for 2005 Situation October l AQD revision – need for quick assessment, but important to get it right m Resource intensive due to ‘little’ inconsistencies – automation difficult m IT : 15 questionnaires (still missing 5) l Missing IE, NL, LU l CDR used by many m Inconsistent naming of folders, filenames m How to ensure ‘official’ status of the submission?

EIONET, La Rochelle October /461/EC for 2005, Results (situation October) l Zone exceedance daily 39%, annual 17 % m Exceedances in all countries that reported, 9 MS exceedances in more than 90% of their zones m 15 out of 21 exceedance in ALL their agglomerations, DE > 54%, UK 68 % m Can be misleading for policy purposes l NO2 : Exceeding LV+MoT in 14% of all zones m UK 81%, AT 55%, DE 29%, IT 38%, FR 14%