9.3 Industrialization Spreads The Industrialization that begins in Great Britain spreads to other parts of the world.

Background Britain did NOT want the secrets of industrialization to reach other parts of the world They forbid engineers, mechanics and toolmakers to leave the country

Industrial Development in the United States U.S. has natural and labor resources needed to industrialize Samuel Slater, English textile worker, builds textile mill in the U.S. (from memory and a partial design) Lowell, Massachusetts is a mechanized textile center by 1820

Industrial Development in the United States Manufacturing towns spring up around factories across the country Young single women flock to factory towns, work in textile mills Clothing and shoemaking industries soon mechanize

Industrial Development in the United States Later Expansion of U.S. Industry Industrialization picks up during post-Civil War technology boom Cities like Chicago expand rapidly due to location on railroad lines Small companies merge to form larger, powerful companies

Industrial Development in the United States The Rise of Corporations Stock—limited ownership rights for company, sold to raise money Corporation—company owned by stockholders, share profits not debts Large corporations attempt to control as much business as they can

Continental Europe Industrializes Troubles in Continental Europe Revolution and Napoleonic wars disrupted early 19th-century economy Beginnings in Belgium Belgium has iron ore, coal, water transportation British workers smuggle in machine plans and start companies in 1799

Continental Europe Industrializes Germany Industrializes Political, economic barriers; but industry, railroads boom by mid-century Expansion Elsewhere in Europe Northern Italy, Spain etc. Industrialization in France was more controlled: did not face the great social and economic problems of other industrializing countries

The Impact of Industrialization Rise of Global Inequality Wealth gap widens; non-industrialized countries fall further behind Imperialism (extending one country’s rule over other lands) spreads due to need for raw materials, markets

The Impact of Industrialization Transformation of Society Europe and U.S. gain economic power African and Asian economies lag, based on agriculture, crafts Rise of middle class strengthens democracy, calls for social reform

Discussion Questions Why do you think Britain didn’t want Industrialization to spread to other countries? Why do you think young, single women wanted to work at the textile factories? Why did entrepreneurs sell stock in the first place? Do you think the rise in inequality (some countries becoming very wealthy while others fall further behind) is fair or unfair?