Roots of Democracy Notes Day 7 Skinny 13-14 Presentation slide for courses, classes, lectures et al. Roots of Democracy Notes Day 7 Skinny 13-14 Word World History

The Roots of Democracy Annotated Timeline project Greek and Roman Roots Section 1 in text and GRWorkbook Judeo-Christian Roots Section 2 in text and GRWorkbook Notes from the unit

Athens Began as early as 1500 BC. Its patron goddess was Athena.

Tyranny From 600-500 BC several tyrants ruled Athens (Solon, Draco, Peisistratus) Athens grew wealthy from olives, pottery, and trade.

Cleisthenes Athens’ last tyrant, and founder of its democracy. He extended citizenship to most free men. He set up the system of the Assembly, the Council of 500, and the law courts.

Athenian Democracy A “direct democracy” - large numbers of citizens helped make all decisions. The Assembly (meeting) voted on laws, elected leaders, tried legal cases. Politicians & the accused pled their case before all.

City Government Most Greek cities began as a monarchy (rule by a king). Over time, power shifted to class of noble landowners. They were the military defenders of the city-state because they could afford the weapons and chariots. This was called an aristocracy. 1A stop

All Romans were not equal All Romans were not equal. There were 2 classes: the patricians, wealthy, noble, land owning upper class

Plebeians: working class and poor Plebeians: working class and poor. This group made up the majority of the Roman population.

A council of 500, chosen by lottery, ran daily business of the city. Dangerous or corrupt politicians could be ostracized (kicked out).

A Cultural Powerhouse Athenians saw education as key to democracy. As a result, Athens was the cultural and economic center of classical Greece.

Rome is born Legend says 2 brothers, Romulus and Remus, founded the city in 753 BC.

Who were the Romans? A tribe called the Latins. They adopted ideas from Greeks in the south… The Greeks built several cities in southern Italy and traded with the Latins. (page 129 of text)

…and from Etruscans in the north.

Roman Government The Republic is set up so that no man can become a king. High ranks are elected in twos, and their terms of office are short. Patrician men are taught to see high rank as a service and honor, not a chance at power.

In the early republic, soldiers were volunteers. Every male citizen was expected to fight for Rome in wartime.

Rome was ruled by kings until about 500 B.C.

Rome set up a type of democracy called a republic Rome set up a type of democracy called a republic. In a republic, leaders are elected to represent the people.

The Senate was a group of 300 patrician men, elected for life, who made the laws.

The senators then elected 2 consuls each year to enforce the laws, supervise the business of government and command the armies. Consuls could only serve for one year.

This Roman republic had a systems of checks and balances in place This Roman republic had a systems of checks and balances in place. Each of these groups had the power to veto, or forbid, the actions of the other.

Eventually the plebeians demanded and gained equality in government Eventually the plebeians demanded and gained equality in government. Plebeians gained the right to elected their own representatives called, tribunes, to protect their interests in government. The tribunes were also given veto power over laws in the Senate.

By 264 BC, Rome had conquered most of the Italian peninsula and made most of the conquered peoples Roman citizens.

By 133 B.C. Roman power extends from Spain to Egypt, conquering the lands that were divided up after Alexander the Great’s death.

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