Chapter 6: Biomes and Aquatic Ecosystems Notes Can Also Be Found at www.manskopf.com

Chapter 6 Notes Goal Explain what biomes and aquatic ecosystems are Explain how biomes are characterized. Describe how net primary productivity varies among biomes. Give an introduction to your Biome Project Give an example of your Biome Project

What are the differences What are the differences? Climate, Biology, Limiting Factors, Adaptations?

Things Change? Fossil evidence suggests that the frozen continent of Antarctica was once covered in temperate forest.

Earth’s Biomes Groups of terrestrial ecosystems that share biotic and abiotic conditions 10 primary biomes: tropical rain forest dry forest savanna desert temperate rain forest temperate forest temperate grassland chaparral boreal forest tundra

La Mesa, CA

Philadelphia

Climate: Average conditions, including temperature and precipitation, over long periods of time in a given area Weather: Day-to-day conditions in Earth’s atmosphere Climatographs: Diagrams that summarize an area’s average monthly temperature and precipitation Each biome has a set of characteristic organisms adapted to its particular climate conditions.

Across the U.S.

Productivity Net primary production: The amount of organic matter (biomass) that remains after primary producers use some to carry out cellular respiration Ecosystems vary in their net primary productivity, the rate at which primary producers convert energy to biomass. Warm, wet biomes generally have higher net primary productivity than cold, dry biomes.

Earth’s productivity: On land forests are highly productive in dark green, deserts least in brown. At sea, red indicates high productivity and deep oceans dark blue.

Aquatic Ecosystems (Wet Biomes) 75% of Earth’s surface is covered by water.

Salinity: the amount of dissolved salt present in water Salinity: the amount of dissolved salt present in water. Ecosystems are classified as salt water, fresh water, or brackish depending on salinity. Photosynthesis tends to be limited by light availability, which is a function of depth and water clarity. Aquatic ecosystems are either flowing or standing. Aquatic ecosystem zones: photic, aphotic, benthic

Aquatic Ecosystem Limiting Factors Limiting factors may include: Salinity Ph Sunlight Dissolved oxygen Temperature

Freshwater Ecosystems: Ponds, Lakes, Inland Seas Salinity is less than 0.5 ppt (parts per thousand)

Freshwater Ecosystems: Wetlands Areas of land flooded with water at least part of the year Include freshwater marshes, swamps, bogs, and fens

Freshwater Ecosystems: Rivers and Streams Bodies of surface water that flow downhill, eventually reaching an ocean or inland sea Delaware Water Gap

Estuaries Occur where a river flows into the ocean or an inland sea Coastal estuaries are brackish ecosystems; organisms must tolerate wide salinity and temperature ranges. Coastal estuaries are home to salt marshes and mangrove forests.

Oceans Intertidal Areas Neritic Zones Open Ocean

Chapter 6 Review Explain what biomes and aquatic ecosystems are Explain how biomes are characterized. Describe how net primary productivity varies among biomes. Give an introduction to your Biome Project Give an example of your Biome Project

Biome Project Online http://www.manskopf.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/BiomesProject.230105729.doc

Biome Project PowerPoint Example Temperate Rain Forest JUST AN EXAMPLE – 2-5 minutes Remember 60% for information Also found at www.manskopf.com

Environmental Science Class Temperate Rain Forest For Mr. Manskopf Environmental Science Class By Mr. Manskopf November 2011

Temperate Rainforest…Where on Earth? Small Biomes in Area Small Pockets Around World

Temperate Rain Forests Locations Mid-Latitudes Usually near coastline Largest found in Pacific Northwest of U.S. and British Columbia in Canada

Climate of the Temperate Rain Forest WET, Year Round Rain Moderate Temperatures

Why is it wet year round?

Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest TREES: Cedars, Spruce, Hemlock, Douglas Fir Grow Tall/Fast Evergreens Coniferous Trees (seed-bearing cones) Compete for sunlight Commercially important

Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest Damp conditions perfect for moss Slugs Numerous amphibian creatures Squirrels Deer Elk

Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest Limiting Factors Sunlight Too much precipitation (Precipitation in Olympic's rain forest ranges from 140 to 167 inches (12 to 14 feet) every year.)

Threats Timber/Logging

Example Hoh Rain Forest http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/temperate-rain-forests.htm

Temperate Rain Forest Cites http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/temperate-rain-forests.htm https://biomesfirst09.wikispaces.com/Temperate+Rainforest+Home http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/temprain.htm