Forests, Agriculture and Climate Change: What happened in Copenhagen? Presentation to The Food & Drink Innovation Network GMP 27 January 2010 Andréanne Grimard

Forests and agriculture offer a third of the climate change solution Forests in the Climate Change Negotiations 2005 – RED Reduced Emissions from Deforestation 2007 – REDD Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation 2009 – REDD+ REDD plus conservation of forest carbon stocks and sustainable management of forest and enhancement of forest carbon stocks – REALU ?? Reduced Emissions from All Land Use

Major Emitters by Country

The Prince’s Rainforests Project Established in late 2007 by The Prince of Wales Working as a catalyst with governments, the private sector and NGOs and public awareness campaign Published report on ‘An Emergency Package for Tropical Forests’ in March 2009 The Prince of Wales hosted meeting of world leaders in London on 1 April, at which it was decided to establish Informal Working Group on Interim Finance for REDD+ 35 countries agreed that it was possible to reduce annual global deforestation by 25% by 2015 at a cost of €15-25 billion.

Copenhagen video starting at 7:39 – ending at 11:05http://

REDD+ in Copenhagen One of the few negotiation tracts that made significant progress Copenhagen Accord recognizes the crucial role of forests and the need to establish REDD+ mechanisms 3.5 billion USD pledged for fast-start activities in period Considerable progress on details of mechanism – to be continued in Mexico December 2010

Why tropical deforestation occurs Historically, main drivers of deforestation were subsistence activities such as shifting cultivation and fuelwood collection But now, commercial agriculture and logging for global markets are becoming more important –Key commodities are beef, soya, palm oil, timber, etc. Deforestation occurs because there are strong financial incentives for individuals and nations – the forests are worth more dead than alive Source: Hansen et al, PNAS (2008) Source: Grieg-Gran study (2008)

REDD+ and Agriculture Agricultural expansion is the leading cause of deforestation. Food production will need to increase by 50-70% by How can that increase in production be met without leading to more deforestation?  Maintain and improve productivity  Rehabilite degraded lands

Palm oil example During the period 1990–2005, approx 55% of oil palm expansion in Malaysia and Indonesia occurred at the expense of forests. Demand for edible oil set to double by 2050, which could translate into additional 12 mn hectares of plantations. 1)Fill the yield gap Smallholder yields 1.3 mt/ha Global average 3.8 mt/ha Best practice 8.0 mt/ha 2)Between million hectares of degraded land available in Indonesia 3)Accelerate replanting of plantations

Growing momentum for inclusion of all land use and agricultural GHG REDD+ to REALU (Reduced Emissions from All Land Use) Lobby by agriculture sector and governments Farmer associations EU, US, Africa Inclusion of agriculture offers some win-win-win opportunities - Climate change mitigation (and adaptation) - Food security - Poverty alleviation

Conclusions -Land available for agricultural expansion is limited. -Shifts in agricultural practices need to be encouraged worldwide if we are to achieve both food security and climate change mitigation. -Customers and investors are increasingly aware and will increasingly question your supply chain impacts. -Finance for REDD+ can incentivize producers to change practices and increase supply of certified commodities. -Important to express demand for sustainable commodities and support producers and intermediary supply chain actors towards increased traceability and best practice.

Frog video lasts just under 2 minutes