Mr. Skirbst Earth Science Topic 23 Rocks Mr. Skirbst Earth Science Topic 23
Hard substance made of one or more minerals Rocks Hard substance made of one or more minerals
3 Rock Groups Igneous
“ignis” – Latin for fire 3 Rock Groups Igneous “ignis” – Latin for fire
3 Rock Groups Igneous “ignis” – Latin for fire formed from molten material
3 Rock Groups Igneous “ignis” – Latin for fire formed from molten material magma – beneath surface lava – above surface
3 Rock Groups Igneous “ignis” – Latin for fire formed from molten material magma – beneath surface lava – above surface Ex. Basalt, obsidian, granite
3 Rock Groups 2. Sedimentary
formed from deposited particles (called sediments) 3 Rock Groups Sedimentary formed from deposited particles (called sediments)
3 Rock Groups Sedimentary formed from deposited particles (called sediments) Ex. Sandstone, limestone, shale
3 Rock Groups 3. Metamorphic
3 Rock Groups 3. Metamorphic “meta”-change; “morph” -form
3 Rock Groups 3. Metamorphic “meta”-change; “morph” -form Formed from other rocks due to heat and/or pressure and/or chemistry changes
3 Rock Groups 3. Metamorphic “meta”-change; “morph” -form Formed from other rocks due to heat and/or pressure and/or chemistry changes Ex. Gneiss, marble, schist, quartzite
Classified by composition and texture Igneous Rocks Classified by composition and texture
Igneous Rocks Composition (based on color)
Igneous Rocks Composition (based on color) - Mostly light (rich in quartz)
Igneous Rocks Composition (based on color) - Mostly light (rich in quartz) - Mostly dark (rich in augite)
Igneous Rocks Texture (based on crystal size)
Igneous Rocks Texture (based on crystal size) - Extrusive (volcanic)
Igneous Rocks Texture (based on crystal size) - Extrusive (volcanic) Cool quickly – small crystals
Igneous Rocks Texture (based on crystal size) - Extrusive (volcanic) Cool quickly – small crystals Ex. Basalt, obsidian, pumice)
Igneous Rocks Texture (based on crystal size) - Intrusive (plutonic – named for Roman god Pluto of the underworld)
Igneous Rocks Texture (based on crystal size) - Intrusive (plutonic – named for Roman god Pluto of the underworld) Cool slowly – large crystals
Igneous Rocks Texture (based on crystal size) - Intrusive (plutonic – named for Roman god Pluto of the underworld) Cool slowly – large crystals Ex. Granite, pegmatite
Sedimentary Rocks 3 Categories (based on origin of material)
Sedimentary Rocks 1. Clastic – made of fragments
Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – made of fragments Ex. Conglomerate, sandstone, shale)
Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – made of fragments Organic – from organics (dead plants or animals)
Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – made of fragments Organic – from organics (dead plants or animals) Ex. Limestone, chalk, coal
Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – made of fragments Organic – from organics 3. Chemical – from inorganic processes like evaporation
Sedimentary Rocks Clastic – made of fragments Organic – from organics Chemical – from inorganic Ex. Rock salt, gypsum, calcite
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks 2 groups based on grain texture
Metamorphic Rocks Foliated (Latin for leaf)
Metamorphic Rocks Foliated (Latin for leaf) Layers thin and flat (like leaves)
Metamorphic Rocks Foliated (Latin for leaf) Layers thin and flat (like leaves) Tend to break along bands
Metamorphic Rocks Foliated (Latin for leaf) Layers thin and flat (like leaves) Tend to break along bands Ex. Schist, slate, gneiss
Metamorphic Rocks Unfoliated
Metamorphic Rocks Unfoliated Not banded
Metamorphic Rocks Unfoliated Not banded Do not break along bands
Metamorphic Rocks Unfoliated Not banded Do not break along bands Ex. Marble, quartzite
Rock Cycle
Rock Cycle Magma / Lava
Rock Cycle cooling crystalization Magma / Lava
Rock Cycle IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling crystalization Magma / Lava
Rock Cycle IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling crystalization Magma / Lava weathering transporting IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling crystalization Magma / Lava
Rock Cycle Sediments IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling crystalization Magma / Lava weathering transporting IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling crystalization Magma / Lava
Rock Cycle Sediments lithification IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling weathering transporting IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling crystalization Magma / Lava
Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sediments weathering transporting IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling crystalization Magma / Lava
Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sediments chemical changes heating / pressure weathering transporting IGNEOUS ROCKS cooling crystalization Magma / Lava
Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS ROCKS cooling SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sediments chemical changes heating / pressure weathering transporting IGNEOUS ROCKS METAMORPHIC ROCKS cooling crystalization Magma / Lava
Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS ROCKS cooling SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sediments chemical changes heating / pressure weathering transporting IGNEOUS ROCKS METAMORPHIC ROCKS cooling melting crystalization Magma / Lava
Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS ROCKS cooling SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sediments chemical changes heating / pressure weathering transporting IGNEOUS ROCKS METAMORPHIC ROCKS cooling melting crystalization Magma / Lava
Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS ROCKS cooling SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sediments chemical changes heating / pressure weathering transporting IGNEOUS ROCKS METAMORPHIC ROCKS cooling melting crystalization Magma / Lava
Rock Cycle Sediments lithification ROCKS IGNEOUS ROCKS ROCKS cooling SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Sediments chemical changes heating / pressure weathering transporting IGNEOUS ROCKS METAMORPHIC ROCKS cooling melting crystalization Magma / Lava