Classification of Matter

Can’t be broken down into simpler components and still have the same properties. Examples: helium, aluminum, water, and salt

All atoms of the substance are the same. Examples: copper, hydrogen, oxygen, mercury 90 exist in nature, 20+ have been created in a lab.

2 or more elements combined in a set proportion. Usually look different than the elements they are made of. Examples: water (O, H), chalk (Ca, C, O), sugar (C, H, O)

Made of 2 or more substances that can be easily separated.

The different materials can be easily seen May need a microscope Hetero- means “different” Examples: pizza, concrete, granite

2 or more substances blended together evenly. A solution is a homogeneous mixture made of particles too small to be seen and will not settle. Examples: pop, vinegar

A mixture that never settles, but has larger particles than a solution Examples: paint, fog, smoke, and shampoos The larger particles scatter light; this is the Tyndall Effect.

Heterogeneous mixture made of a liquid and particles that can settle. Example: pond or river water

Matter: Has mass and takes up space Substance: Composition definite Element: One kind of atom Compound: Two or more kinds of atoms Mixture: Composition variable Homogeneous: evenly mixed; a solution Heterogeneous: unevenly mixed

Any characteristic of a material that you can observe without changing the identity of the substances. Appearances: size, shape, color, taste Behavior: magnetism, boiling point, melting point, ability to flow, bend or stretch. You can use physical properties to separate substances Examples: two types of seeds; using a magnet to separate magnetic and non- magnetic particles.

A change in shape, size or state of matter May involve energy changes, but the identity of the substance does not change. Examples: Boiling, freezing, melting, breaking in half. Can use physical changes to separate Example: Distillation uses a lower heat to change 1 substance to a gas that can be collected and condensed.

Characteristics of a substance that can undergo a certain chemical change. Examples: flammable, breaks down in sunlight.

Changing one substance to another Sometimes a rapid release of energy occurs Clues: heating, cooling, bubbles, light, sound Examples: rust, burning Can use chemical changes to separate substances Tarnish on silver