Measuring Two-Dimensional Surface Velocity Distribution

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Presentation transcript:

Measuring Two-Dimensional Surface Velocity Distribution using Two RiverSondes Ralph T Cheng CODAR OS and U. S. Geological Survey Jon R. Burau and James DeRose U. S. Geological Survey Donald E. Barrick, Calvin C. Teague and Peter M. Lilleboe CODAR Ocean Sensors

Outline Radar Technology for Surface Velocity RiverSonde System Multi-Dimensional Channel Flows Two-RiverSonde for Two-Dimensional Surface Velocity Distribution Proof-of-the-Concept Experiments Threemile Slough Sacramento River at Georgiana Slough, CA Discussion of Results

The widely used approach to estimating total roughness for hydraulic studies is to first estimate a base value for the bed material, and then to add components to this base value for various extraneous flow-retarding elements. These components include: surface irregularities variations in shape and size of the channel obstructions vegetation The composited value is then multiplied by a correction factor for meandering of the channel.

RiverSonde System UHF radar: 0.7-m radar wavelength (435 MHz) 3-yagi antenna system on bank Bragg scatter from 0.35-m wavelength water waves Doppler shift gives radial velocity, water phase velocity known from their wavelength Time delay (time-gating) gives distance MUSIC direction finding gives direction Estimate along-channel flow from radial velocity Straight channel: assume flow parallel to banks Complex geometry: calculate total vectors using 2 RiverSondes

Typical RiverSonde Deployment Mean Flow Radar

Example of Radial Vectors Average over 1 hour 5 m range cells 1 m/s ~ 10 m Gaps may be due to blockage by trees SNR limits coverage at far bank

Sacramento River near Walnut Grove, CA Delta Cross-Channel, Georgiana Slough

Concept of Two RiverSondes for Two-Dimensional Surface Velocity Distribution Radar line of sight RiverSonde A O A B OA = Radial Velocity A OB = Radial Velocity B OC = Total Velocity River Bank C RiverSonde B

Continuing Development of RiverSonde at Three Mile Slough San Francisco Bay-Delta (Cooperation with California District)

Threemile Slough, California Straight channel between Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers in California Delta Tidally-dominated flow In operation for several years with a single RiverSonde One day proof-of-the-concept experiment (21 February 2007) with 2 RiverSondes Antenna interference? Antenna patterns measured in field

RiverSondes at Threemile Slough North South

Velocity Time-series at TMS

Threemile Slough High Velocity 02/22 00:30 GMT 02/21 19:30 GMT

Threemile Slough, just Before Slack

Threemile Slough, just After Slack

BASIC FINDINGS: Two-RiverSonde operating in close proximity does not have interference issues Total vectors are generated with same software used in SeaSonde for ocean currents 5- or 10-m grid spacing Manual masking of river banks Observed complex flow pattern during tidal reversal

Proof-of-the-Concept II: April 23-25, 2007 Sacramento River at Georgiana Slough, CA Tidally-influenced flow Flow patterns affect fish migration 2 RiverSondes 1.5 days with units on same bank 0.5 day with units on opposite banks Antenna patterns measured with a transponder on a boat USGS measurements Boat-mounted ADCP transects every 30 min for 12 hours Four Flow Stations in the region

Proof-of-the-concept at Georgiana Slough Two-RiverSonde Experiment for 2D Velocity Mapping

View From Levee Site Georgiana Slough Sacramento River DWRG LVEG

Data Coverage

Preliminary Results: Same Bank

Preliminary Results: Opposite Bank

Slack or reversal: Case 1

Slack or Reversal: Case 2

Preliminary Results: April 24, 2007 13:06 ADCP, USGS 2-RiverSonde, CODAR ADCP, USGS

Numerical Hydrodynamic Model B.C. specified Model results compared Numerical Hydrodynamic Model DCC Closed B.C. specified Model results compared B.C. specified

Implementing a Detailed Numerical Model

Implementing a Detailed Numerical Model

Preliminary Conclusion 2-RiverSonde operation works well Both units on same bank or on opposite bank Total vectors generated with same software used with SeaSonde for ocean currents Unfortunately ADCP transects did not overlap with the complex flow patterns observed by 2-RiverSonde Mistakes in the current experiment lead to a better design of the next experiment Further experiment and Comparisons with in-situ data and numerical model underway