Warm-up An ion is an atom that gained or lost electrons. Which of the following atoms is an ion: the left or right atom? What is the total charge of the ion?

Rules of Ions Rule 1: Opposite charges attract. “+” attracts “-” -+

Rules of Ions Rule 1: Opposite charges attract. “+” attracts “-” Rule 2: Charge = Protons - Electrons +4 protons - 4 electrons charge +4 protons -3 electrons charge +4 protons - 2 electrons charge

Rules of Ions Rule 1: Opposite charges attract. “+” attracts “-” Rule 2: Charge = Protons – Electrons Rule 3: Valence electrons = Group # (1A to 8B)

Rules of Ions Rule 1: Opposite charges attract. “+” attracts “-” Rule 2: Charge = Protons – Electrons Rule 3: Valence electrons = Group # (1A to 8B) Rule 4: Atoms try to gain or lose electrons have a full outer shell. Lose electrons Gain electrons

Ionization protons - 4 electrons charge +4 protons -3 electrons charge +4 protons - 2 electrons charge The process of when an atom gains or loses electrons to become an ion.

Ionization protons - 8 electrons charge +8 protons -9 electrons charge +8 protons - 10 electrons charge The process of when an atom gains or loses electrons to become an ion

Electronegativity How “greedy” an atom is for electrons. Strong electronegativity = greedy, steals electrons Weak electronegativity = not greedy, gives away electrons Give away electrons Steal electrons