Medical Mycology Classification of Mycoses Hugh B. Fackrell Filename Fungi_classi.ppt

Mycology Mycology: Study of fungi Mycoses: fungal infections Mytoxicosis- intoxicaton

Fungi Fission yeasts Budding Yeasts Molds- filamentous Penicillium, mushrooms Yeasts- unicellular Fission yeasts Budding Yeasts Dimorphic Fungi

Molds & Fleshy Fungi at tip of hyphae vegetative growth from fragments Thallus: filaments of cells visible mycelium Hypha; individual filament Septate hyphae Coenocytic hyphae Growth: at tip of hyphae vegetative growth from fragments

Vegetative Structures

Mycelium Vegetative Hyphae Reproductive Hyphae aerial hyphae above media Reproductive spores

Molds: Reproduction Asexual Sexual Grow from fragments asexual spores Sexual spores ( less frequent) two strains of fungi fusion of nuclei

Asexual Spores Conidospore Arthrospore Blastospore Chlamydospore

Conidiospore Asexual spore Mitosis Not enclosed by a SAC chains Conidiophore: filament that forms Conidospore

ConidioSpores Arthrospores Blastospores thickened fragments of septate hyphae Coccidioides Blastospores thickened wall Bud from the parent cell Candida, Cryptococcus

Chlamydospores Asexual spore contained within hypha

Sporangium Sac of spores Sporangiospore- Spores Sproangiophore- aerial hypha with sporangium

Medically Important Fungi Deuteromycota- no sexual spores Zygomycota- coenocytic fungi Ascomycota- septate dust like spore Basidomycota fleshy base; mushrooms

Opportunistic mycoses Candidiasis Aspergillosis, Mucormycosis Phycomycosis

Superficial Fungal Infections Skin Infections limited to Stratum corneum do not penetrate deeper tissues No inflammation

Superficial mycoses Black piedra White piedra Pityriasis vericolor tinea nigra

Cutaneous Mycoses Dermatophytoses Dermatomycoses

Subcutaneous Mycoses Caused by trauma [puncture]and introduction of the fungus and bacteria. Chromoblasomycosis Phaeohypomycosis Mycetoma Sporotrichosis

Systemic or Deep Mycoses Histoplasmosis Coccidiomycosis Blastomycosis Cryptococcosis

Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus neoformans Sporadic Pigeons Meningitis form fatal

Systemic Mycoses: Disease Patterns Subacute respiratory infection Acute infection Severe disseminated infection

Systemic Mycoses: Subacute Respiratory Infection Low fever Non-productive cough Mild & self limiting

Systemic Mycoses: Acute Infections Productive cough purulent sputum pain in chest Weight loss. night sweats X-ray positive one,many lesions consolidation Differential diagnosis: pneumonia, tumour.

Systemic Mycoses: Severe Disseminated Infections Acute Infections + spread to other organs chronic Differential diagnosis t.b.

Presentation Outline Disease Mechanisms Entry Adaptation Propagation Dissemination Host Factors Fungal Factors Classification of Mycoses site route virulence Epidemiology Fungal Diseases