Ch 11 Section 2 Fungi

Come in a variety of shapes, sizes and colors Fungi Eukaryotic consumers Come in a variety of shapes, sizes and colors

Hyphae- chains of cells that make up multicellular fungi Hidden from View Hyphae- chains of cells that make up multicellular fungi Mycelium- a twisted mass of fungal hyphae that have grown together

that cannot eat or engulf food. They must live on or Consumers Fungi are consumers that cannot eat or engulf food. They must live on or near their food supply

Getting Food Most fungi obtain nutrients by secreting digestive juices onto the food source, then absorbing the dissolved substances Many are decomposers

Some fungi live in symbiotic relationships with other organisms Roots with fungi Some fungi live in symbiotic relationships with other organisms On roots of plants – produce acid to change the minerals in the soil

Fungi cytoplasm Holes in the cell walls of fungi allow the cytoplasm to move between cells throughout the organism

Asexual or sexual Reproduction Asexual Hyphae breaks apart and each new piece becomes a new individual Production of spores

Reproduction Spores – a small reproductive cell protected by a thick wall Sexual Fungi produce sex cells from special structures that join to form new individuals

Threadlike Fungi Kinds of Fungi Molds- a shapeless, fuzzy fungus Most live in the soil and are usually decomposers

Threadlike fungi Reproduce asexually by forming sporangia, extensions of the hyphae that produce spores

Threadlike Fungi Reproduce sexually by hyphae from different individuals join and develop into specialized sporangia

Sac Fungi Largest group of fungi, includes yeast, powdery mildew, truffles and morels Reproduces sexually by forming a sac called an ascus Sexually produced spores develop within the sac

Most are multicellular but yeasts are single celled Yeast reproduce asexually by budding, a new cell pinches off from an existing cell

Yeast is used for making bread Uses Yeast is used for making bread Truffles and morels are prized edible sac fungi

Most familiar group Umbrella shaped Club Fungi Most familiar group Umbrella shaped During sexual reproduction, special hyphae develop and produce clublike structures called basidia

Club Fungi Sexual spores develop inside the basidia The mushroom you know is only the sexual spore forming part of the organism which form at the edge of the mass of hyphae, usually in a circle

Club Fungi Most familiar, basidia form in the grooves or gills under the mushroom cap Other types of club fungi include bracket fungi, puffballs, smuts, and rusts

Imperfect Fungi Includes the fungi that doesn’t fit into the other groups Do not reproduce sexually Most are parasites that cause disease in plants and animals

Imperfect Fungi Athletes foot – fungus on the skin One kind produces a toxin called aflatoxin, which can cause cancer Used to make penicillin, cheese, soy sauce and citric acid for soft drinks

Lichens Combination of fungus and an alga that grow intertwined and exist in a symbiotic relationship Producers

Resist drying out because they are protected by the fungi cell wall Lichens Resist drying out because they are protected by the fungi cell wall Need only water, air and minerals, so they can grow on rocks

Lichens They produce acids that break down the rock and cause cracks, which become filled with bits of rock and dead lichens, making soil for other things to grow on

Lichens Absorb water and minerals from the air, making them sensitive to air pollution