Protist and Fungi You will be able to explain how protists and fungi are similar and different than other common microscopic organisms.

Prokaryote (Bacteria Cell) Can Not See Nucleus Much smaller than Eukaryote cells No visible organelles Contains DNA and RNA

Eukaryote Cells: Protists and Fungi Much larger Can See Nucleus (Brain of Cell) and organelles Complex cell can do more than Prokayote Has Specialized Functions in multi-cellular organisms Contains DNA and RNA DNA mainly in nucleus

Protist Characteristics Much larger than bacteria and viruses Animal-like though 1 makes its food by photosynthesis Made up of eukaryote cells—You can see nucleus and organelles (unlike prokaryote bacteria) Most unicellular but some are multi-cellular ( certain algae ) Only found in moist environments (water) 4 basic types of Protists Reproduce using Fission (cloning/asexual) and Fussion (conjucation/sexual) Nucleus Amoeba Psuedopodia Nucleus

Protist 1: Paramecium Eukaryote- can see nucleus and organelles Covered in cilia Found in Water Has 2 Nucleuses Feeds on other protists (algae and Euglena) Contracting Vacuole Macronucleus Micronucleus

Protist 2: Ameoba Eukaryote- can See organelles and Nucleus Move with Pseudopodia Found in bottom in the sediment of most water systems Engulfs food by surrounding it Causes diseases such as malaria, and dysentery and rare form eats brain of humans! Pseudopodia Nucleus

Protist 3: Volvox and Algae Volvox (colony of algae cells) Eukaryote- can See Nucleus and organelles Green organelles called chloroplasts Autotrophic-makes own food Some live as colony (Volvox) Some deadly release toxin known as the Red Tide Red Tide

Protist 4: Euglena Eukaryote- can see Nucleus and organelles Is both Plant and Animal; makes and eats food Found in water Has long tail called flagellum Has “eyespot” to detect light (Stigma) Green color from chloroplasts

Protist or Protozoans: 4 Basic Traits Most Animal like Lack cell walls and most heterotrophic Move with cilia, pseudopodia (little feet) or flagellum Found mainly in water Cause Diseases such as Malaria and Dysentery Malaria video

Algae Eukaryote organisms Not True Plants Can be unicelled or multicellular Produce up to 60% of the world’s oxygen

Slime Molds Slime mold is a broad term describing fungus-like organisms that use spores to reproduce Slime molds were formerly classified as fungi, but are no longer considered part of this kingdom. Their common name refers to part of some of these organisms' life cycles where they can appear as gelatinous "slime".

Mold/Fungi Characteristics Eukaryotes – can see nucleus and organelles Have cell walls made of chitin (insect skeleton material) Unable to make their own food so act as parasites: absorb food from other living/decaying things use spores to reproduce Like to grow in warm moist areas: ARCH ENEMY of BACTERIA

Cell structure Size is anywhere from tiny unicellular to large multicellular

Reproduction Lightweight spores are surrounded by a protective covering and can be carried easily through the air or water to new sites

Example Mushrooms Athletes foot Mold

Closing of Microlife How do we protect ourselves from these pathogens? Virus Bacteria Protists Mold/Fungi What type of medicines work against them? Vaccines Antibiotics Chlorine in water Antifungal medicines

What makes pathogens dangerous? Fact One: How easily it spreads from organism to organism (person to person) Fact Two: How rapidly can the Pathogen reproduce itself

Preventing Spread of Disease Active Immunity- your body is producing antibodies to fight it off. (Vaccine or prior exposure) Passive Immunity- you are injected with antibodies from another organism to fight it off; allows time for your body to find and make antibodies before you become ill

Biotechnology Biotechnology- use of living organisms to produce products for human use. Products can be such as genetically altered food such as milk, corn, and tomatoes Piggybacked viruses, using a harmless virus to produce capsid of a more harmful one. Idea is that harmless virus will makes “protein coat” of harmful one so that your body could make antibodies for the “bad one”