The Immune and Enteric Systems Sue Howell, DVM

The Immune System Identify potentially injurious substances Distinguish self from non-self Assess level of threat Mount an appropriate response Repair damage

Body’s natural response to insult Vital to survival Meant to be turned on for a short time Inflammation

Ingredients that support the immune system Spanish black radish RNA Buckwheat leaf juice and seed L-glutamine

Adaptogens (Eleutherococcus senticosus ) Ginseng ( Withania somnifera ) Ashwaganda

Canine Immune Support Feline Immune Support Indications General immune system support Colder climates or during the fall/winter months When kenneled or in a shelter

Star

6 year old F/S DSH Chronic URI resolved with doxycycline, hyperglobulinemia with polyclonal gammopathy diagnosed 1 year prior No follow up viral panel. No viral testing History Severe crusting and ulceration of the ears, face, and forelimbs Lesions bleed easily when touched Splenomegaly Lethargy Presentation

Star Negative skin scraping, 3+ cocci on skin cytology, woods light negative FIV positive Hyperglobulinemia Lymphopenia Diagnostics Clavamox Itraconazole pending fungal culture Nutritional support for the immune system Grain-free canned diet Recommendation

Star Lesions were drying up and 50% resolved More active Fungal culture negative Recheck (2 weeks) Continue Clavamox Continue nutritional support for the immune system Recommendation

Star Skin lesions resolved Spleen smaller and less nodular upon palpation Recheck (4 weeks) Continue nutritional support for the immune system Recommendation No lesions Active and glossy hair coat Spleen unchanged Owner is thrilled! Recheck (6 weeks)

The Gastrointestinal System 70% of immune system Enterocytes Mucosal barrier Gut flora Enteric nervous system

Leaky Gut Syndrome Source:

Gut Flora Biomedical Imaging Unit, Southampton General Hospital detoxifies some xenobiotics maintains the intraluminal environment dialogues with the immune tissues of the gut stimulates bone marrow

Behavior

Enteric Support Ingredients

Canine Enteric Support Feline Enteric Support Systems Supported Digestive system Liver Kidneys Immune system Endocrine system

Canine Enteric Support Feline Enteric Support Indications General enteric support Patients with increased metabolic demand Hepatic patients in need of additional enteric support as indicated by ALT, alkaline phosphatase, bile acids studies, and enteric histopathology Patients with immune challenges

Lexi History Pancreatitis 2 years ago “Sensitive stomach” and infrequent soft stool 11/27/13 – diarrhea and one episode of vomiting, suspected URI 12/3/13 – suspected pneumonia 12/31/13 – OSU consult 1/1/14 – whipworms diagnosed

Lexi Diagnosis Lymphangectasia with concomminent mild IBD

Lexi Medications Azothioprine, Tylan powder, low dose aspirin, Prednisone, Vit B12 Nutritional support for the immune system the gastrointestinal system essential amino acids Progress 2/4/14 normal protein levels, weaning off medications, continue nutritional support