BASEBALL 電機 2B B 黃泓文 電機 2B B 彭玉彬

Index  Introduction Introduction  History of Baseball History of Baseball  Rules Rules  Umpire Umpire  Equipment Equipment  Field Field  Statistics Statistics  Present situation Present situation  Baseball of the world Baseball of the world  Reference Reference

Introduction  Baseball is similar to softball.  At least nine players of a team.  Two teams take turns to offend and defend in nine games or more games.

History of Baseball  Since 18th century  Most people think that baseball is came from cricket.  In 1846, first formal baseball game played at New Jersey.

Rules Strikeout( 三振 ):3strikeball or strikeball+foulball=3 Flyout:the ball hit by batter catch by fielder before land. free advance to first base （保送）： 4 ball Tagout:the runner is touched by a fielder before the runner step on base.

Umpire  There are six umpires in a game.

 The Sign of umpire

Equipment baseball bat (86~106cm) professional games just use wooden bat. amateur games can use metallic bat ball glove

Field  The foul lines extend forward from home plate at 45-degree angles.  The 90-degree area within the foul lines is referred to as fair territory  The 270-degree area outside them is foul territory  The part of the field enclosed by the bases and several yards beyond them is the infield; the area farther beyond the infield is the outfield.

Field  In the middle of the infield is a raised pitcher's mound with a rectangular rubber plate at its center.  The outer boundary of the outfield is typically demarcated by a raised fence.

Field ’ s Semantic Mapping

Statistics The basic batting statistics include  (Batting Average, AVG): 安打數／打數 安打打數  (On-Base Percentage, OBP ):( 安打 + 四壞保 送 + 觸身球） / （打數 + 四壞保送 + 觸身球 + 高飛 犧牲打） 四壞保 送 觸身球 高飛 犧牲打  (Slugging Percentage, SLG): 壘打數／打數 壘打數  (On-Base percentage Plus Slugging percentage, OPS):SLG+OBP

Statistics  Steal Base (SB): 盜壘成功／盜壘失敗 盜壘 The basic pitching statistics include  Earned Run Average (ERA): （自責分／局數） *9自責分  Strikeouts per 9 Innings Pitched (K/9IP)  Base on Balls per 9 InningsPitched(BB/9IP)  WHIP: ，（被安打 + 保送）／局數  GO/AO: 滾地球出局／飛球出局

Statistics  The statistics of the defense include  RF （ Range Factor ） :( 刺殺數 + 助殺數） / （防守局數／ 9 )  ZR （ Zone Rating ): 計算方式 1. 他在責任範圍內製造的出局數 2. 他在責任範圍外製造的出局數 3. 製造雙殺數。 The total number/balls in zone=ZR

Present situation  A varsity baseball team is an established part of physical education departments at most high schools and colleges in the United States.physical education  Baseball has had a broad impact on popular culture, both in the United States and elsewhere.  Baseball has inspired many works of art and entertainment.

Baseball of the world  country Rank of baseball 1.Cuba 2.Korea 3.Japan 4.U.S.A 5.Taiwan 6.Holland 7.Mexico 8.Canada 9.Australia 10.Puerto Rico

References   