Plant Structure and Function

Is It a Stem, Leaf, Root, Flower, Fruit or Seed? Fruit/Vegetable Part of Plant Broccoli Cabbage Carrot Celery Stalk Corn Kernel Garlic Onion Potato Tomato Zucchini

Plant Body ShootShoot system = leaves + stem RootRoot system MeristemMeristem = cells that divide for life of plant, can give rise to all plant structures

Three Types of Plant Tissues Vascular TissueVascular Tissue –Transport –Support Ground TissueGround Tissue –Synthesis of Sugars –Storage –Support Dermal TissueDermal Tissue –Protection

Division of Meristem Cells Causes Plant Growth Apical MeristemApical Meristem –tips of root and shoot –increase in height Lateral MeristemLateral Meristem –cylinders within plant body –increase in width

Plant Body Functions Exposes surface to sunlight Major site of photosynthesis Conserves water Provides for gas exchangeBlade Petiole Leaf = blade + petiole Stoma = opening in the leaf for gas exchange, water evaporation

Structures of the Leaf Photosynthesis Conserves water Transports water and sugar to stem and roots

Plant Body Stem: series of nodes and internodes Functions Holds leaves up to light Transports substances through vascular tissue Xylem conducts water and minerals Phloem transports sugar

Lateral Meristem Causes the Stem to Grow in Width

Wood and Bark are Products of Lateral Meristem

Plant Body Root Functions Anchors plant in soil Takes up water and minerals from soil

Applying Your Knowledge A.Where is the primary site of photosynthesis in a plant? B.Which one is responsible for an increase in plant height? C.Which one transports materials throughout the plant? 1.Apical Meristem 2.Vascular Tissue 3.Stem 4.Leaf 5.Lateral Meristem

Flowering Plant Reproduction Flowers are modified leaves, specialized for reproduction.Flowers are modified leaves, specialized for reproduction. Flower parts undergo meiosis to produce haploid productsFlower parts undergo meiosis to produce haploid products –pollen grain –ovule (contains egg cell) Pollen grains Ovule Flower Meiosis Mitosis

A Complete Flower Has Both Male and Female Parts Sepal Petal Ovary Style Stigma PistilPistil Anther Filament StamenStamen Encloses and Protects Bud Attracts pollinator Male part Female part Produces egg Produces pollen

Mature Pollen Grain Pollination and Fertilization in a Flower Tube Cell Nucleus Sperm Cells 1.pollen grains land on stigma Stigma Style Ovary 2.pollen tubes grow down stigma to ovary Sperm Egg 3A: Fusion of sperm + egg 3B: Fusion of 2 nd sperm + two polar nuclei 3.double fertilization Polar nuclei Ovule

Development of Fruit and Seeds From Flower Parts TriploidEndospermCell Triploid Endosperm Cell Ovary Ovary Integument Integument Diploid Zygote Diploid Zygote EndospermEndosperm Fresh Fruit Seed Coat Embryo (new plant) Seed = embryo + stored food + seed coat Fruit = ovary wall, mechanism for seed dispersal Provides nutrition

Applying Your Knowledge A.Which one develops from the ovary wall? B.Which one produces pollen? C.Which one develops from a fertilized ovule? D.What is the name of the female part of the flower? 1.Seed 2.Fruit 3.Pistil 4.Anther 5.Pollen