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Leaves Stems Roots Flowers Plant Structures Leaves Stems Roots Flowers

What Are primary parts of plants? Leaves Stems Roots Flowers

What are the functions of leaves? Capture light Exchange gases Provide a site for photosynthesis Some leaves store food and water Some form new plants and provide support

What is photosynthesis? It is a process by which plants combine water and carbon dioxide in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight and produce carbohydrates and release oxygen.

Why is photosynthesis important? Light is the most important source of energy for living things. Photosynthesis converts light into nutrients that can be used by plants and animals. Releases oxygen

Photosynthesis 6CO2 + 12H2O + sunlight ---> 6O 2 + C6 H12O 6 + 6H2 O

There are two parts of photosynthesis--the light and dark reactions. The light reactions produce chemical energy from light. The dark reactions convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.

Leaves in gas exchange Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Water exchanged from Stomata Pores open in day to transpire H2O and allow gases to enter Close during dry conditions to prevent H2O loss.

External Parts of Leaves Petiole- Stalk of leaf that attaches to stem Midrib- Main vein of vascular tissue Blade- Photosynthetic site of leaf

Stomata Openings on the epidermis allows air into leaf allows H2O and oxygen out of leaf

Stems Water and mineral transport by capillary action and cohesion to the leaves. Transport food to the roots Gas exchange Produce and support new leaves, branches, and flowers

Internal parts of stem Phloem Xylem Cambium Pith Cortex

Functions Phoem-Sugar and carbohydrates to roots Xylem- Water and nutrients Cambium- Growing part of stem

Function Cont’ Pith-Occupies the central area of the stem Cortex- Composed of several layers of thick-walled cells

External parts of stem Buds Nodes Internodes

Modified Stems Rhizomes- Horizontal underground stems(Bermuda Grass Stolons- Horizontal above ground stems(strawberries) Tubers- Greatly enlarged tip of underground stem

Cont. Bulbs- budlike structure consisting of a small stem (onion) Corms- Fleshly leaves underground stems with few nodes(gladiolus)

Functions of Roots Anchor plants in soil Absorb water and nutrients Some store reserves for future uses(Potato) Propagation

Taproots Disadvantages Difficult to remove or harvest do not stabilize well Advantages Penetrates deeper Obtain water from other levels Anchor plant

Fibrous Advantages Shallower, better for fertilization & Water Stabilize in soil better Disadvantage Less drought resistant Tend to get exposed during cultivation

Primary Roots Grow down into the soil and may branch repeatedly into lateral roots Taproot is a primary root

Lateral Roots Called Secondary roots grow horizontally away from the primary root Some grow downward

Adventitious Came from stems or leaves instead of another root Prop root of corn and grapes are examples that give support

Fibrous Root Root structures in which the primary and lateral roots develop equally so there is not a definite taproot.

Storage Roots Are structures such as those of carrots and sweet potatoes which are used for food storage.

What do stems and roots have in common? Both have xylem and phloem cells for transport.

Male flowers and their parts and functions. Stamen- has two parts- filament and antherFilament- supports the anther Anther- Produces pollen grains

Female parts and their functions Ovule-develops into a seed Ovary- surrounds the ovule, later becomes the fruit Style-supports the stigma Stigma- receives the pollen grain Pistil- All three female parts together

Other parts of flower Receptacle- enlarged part of the flower stalk where floral part is. Sepals- outer protective parts of buds Petals- the colored part of the flower used to attract insects

Complete Flower Both have Male and Female parts

Incomplete Flowers Have either male or female parts but not both

Monoecious Plants that have male and female flower parts on separate plants

Dioecious Have both parts on the same plant.

Pollination The transfer of pollen from one anther to anther stigma. Two ways- self-pollination & Cross-pollination Bees and Wind

The End