Flower The organ responsible for sexual reproduction in plants Function- produce gametes pollination fertilization develop seeds develop fruit

4 Basic Whorls of a Flower Calyx- Outermost Whorl All of the sepals collectively Corolla- 2nd Outermost Whorl All of the petals collectively

4 Basic Whorls of a Flower Stamen- 3rd Outermost Whorl Male structure of the flower Pistil- Made of fused carpels- Innermost Whorl Female structure of flower

Diagram 1- Flower Structure 1. Petals- Colorful leaf-like parts, attract animals/insects, aids in pollination 2. Stamen- Male structure

Diagram 1- Flower Structure 3. Pistil- Female structure 4. Pedicel/Receptacle- Stalk like part, supports the flower

Diagram 1- Flower Structure 5. Sepals- Small leaves that surround and protect the flower bud 6. Stigma- Sticky top to the pistil, collects the pollen during pollination

Diagram 1- Flower Structure 7. Style- Long stalk like part that extends from ovary, supports the stigma 8. Ovule- Located inside the ovaries, will develop into a seed after fertilization

Diagram 1- Flower Structure 9. Ovary- Enlarged base of the pistil, will develop into fruit after fertilization 10. Filament- Slender stalk that supports the anther of the stamen

Diagram 1- Flower Structure 11. Pollen- Formed in the anther, contains 2 nuclei, 1 tube nucleus, 1 generative nucleus 12. Anther- Knob like end of the stamen, forms the sperm nuclei and the pollen grains

Diagram 2- Pollination (p 617) The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of flowers Usually aided by insects or wind

Diagram 2- 2 types Self pollination Cross pollination Same plant Either the same flower or 2 flowers on the same plant Or 2 genetically identical plants Cross pollination Two genetically different plants

Diagram 2- Pollination  Fertilization (p 617) 2 separate events Pollination occurs on the stigma Fertilization occurs in the ovule

Diagram 2- After Pollination (p 617) Pollen grain releases tube & generative nucleus into pistil #14. Tube nucleus develops pollen tube #13. Two sperm nuclei- from mitosis of the generative nucleus #15. Pollen tube develops through style to ovule 2 sperm nuclei travel through tube to ovule

Diagram 2- Fertilization (p 617) Double fertilization in the ovule One sperm nucleus fertilizes (#16) egg nucleus to form the zygote (fertilized egg), this becomes the embryonic plant of the seed

Diagram 2- Fertilization (p 617) Second sperm nucleus unites with (#17) 2 polar bodies, forms triploid (3n) cell that develops into endosperm of the seed

Diagram 3- Gamete Formation- Male (p 615) Occurs in anther Sketch Diploid  Meiosis  4 haploid cells  Mitosis  Pollen grain with 2 nuclei

Diagram 3- Gamete Formation- Female (p 615) Occurs in ovule Sketch Diploid  meiosis  4 haploid cells(3 die)  mitosis  8 haploid cells (5 die)  3 haploid cells

Seed (p 620) An embryonic plant with a food source Grows into a new plant Germination Water, temp., oxygen Plumule (shoot tip w/embryonic leaves) Epicotyl (stem) Hypocotyl Radicle (root) Cotyledon (food source) Endosperm (food source)

Fruit (pp 618, 619) Surrounds seeds Dispersal of seeds- spread seeds around Wind Water Animals Edible Carrier