SINTEF Energiforskning AS EXAMPLE OF FP5 PROJECTS Presentation given at the EMINENT Seminar in Brno, 31 March 2005 by Jens Hetland Ph.D. Senior Scientist and Professor Department of Energy Processes

SINTEF Energiforskning AS Projects granted Part B Thematic programme Energy, environment and sustainable development: Key action 5 + 6: 681 projects Reference is made to:

SINTEF Energiforskning AS Technologies deemed promising RES technologies Wind power (8) Bioenergy – CHP (8) Solar induced power (4) Fossil based energy technologies Coal fired power plants (1) Natural gas fired power plants with CO 2 capture (4) Fuel cells (1) … sustainability, emissions and efficiency: Assessments Technologies Dossier

SINTEF Energiforskning AS FP5 EcoWaste: No NNE ADVANCED GASIFICATION AND THERMAL PLASMA CRACKING - PYROARC® Thermo-chemical Multi-processing of Solid Waste Materials featuring Recovery of Gas, Heat, Metals and Minerals with Complete Volume Reduction and Residue Stabilisation

SINTEF Energiforskning AS Characteristic features: 1.Volume reduction 2.Multi-processing 3.Emissions 4.Leaching resistance 5.Energy utilisation

SINTEF Energiforskning AS Landfill allowances represent an obstacle Bottom ash Refused waste composition PyroArc

SINTEF Energiforskning AS Electronic waste has a valorising potential Potential: 1. low calorific fuel gas 2. leaching resistant slag 3. molten metal 4. heat Opportunities 70% of initial heating capacity LHV ~ 3.6 – 4 MJ/m N 3 Only basic molecules due to plasma cracking 12-15% H 2, 17-22% CO plus CO 2, N 2 and H 2 O Slag formers needed for some wastes. If slag turns alkaline the leaching resistance suffers 20% of heating capacity is sensible heat (eventually steam and low grade heat) Metals with affinity to oxygen lower than iron are recovered in molten phase (Cu, Au, Ag, Ni, Pt) Volatile metals – dust of Zn and Pb

SINTEF Energiforskning AS - Household waste (MSW) - Impregnated wood - Tires - Car fluff - Electronic waste - Refrigerators - Simulated hospital waste - Batteries - PCB - Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CFC) and hydrogenatated chloro-fluor carbons (HCFC) - Oil filters - Paint, glue etc. - Asbestos The following types of waste have been verified through successful test-runs in a 500 kg/h pilot test rig: Tested materials up to pure PCB oils Freons Energy Processes

SINTEF Energiforskning AS Electric power supply Secondary air Gas cooling and cleaning Solid waste Filter cake Clean fuel gas Hot water/ steam Thermal plasma generator Air supply Decomposition reactor Metals and minerals in molten phase PRODUCTS Preheated blast air Advanced recovery PyroArc ®

SINTEF Energiforskning AS Gasifier Plasma generator Decomposition reactor Mixing zone Feed Core Technology Energy Processes

SINTEF Energiforskning AS Thermal Plasma Cracking hazardous gas forms a harmless fuel gas Electric power demand: 3-8% of energy charged to the process Energy Processes

SINTEF Energiforskning AS Decomposition-destruction Chamber 500 o Thermal cracking controlled by keeping the oxidation rate R = CO 2 /[CO 2 +CO] within a range α < R < β < α HCN may be formed If R > β NOx may be formed

SINTEF Energiforskning AS Emissions - recorded at tannery plant High allowance limit of CO due to the ICC engine Initial sulphur problem is now resolved

SINTEF Energiforskning AS 65-75% lower gas flow than that of incineration processes (same input) Abscence of tar makes down-stream gas cleaning easy Furthermore: Substantial reduction potential for mercury exists as mercury emission is prone to depend more on gas volume than on mercury content Gas Cleaning

SINTEF Energiforskning AS Leach Resistant Slag

SINTEF Energiforskning AS

Estimated efficiencies - ECO-WASTE with complete vitrification Total thermal efficiency 84.0% Net electric efficiency 22.1% Gross electric efficiency 28.6%

SINTEF Energiforskning AS Conclusion unique capability of receiving and treating any waste material (except nuclear) with hardly any adverse environmental impact; capacity of recovering metals, minerals, energy and gas; ability of reducing waste volume to practically zero level leaving only stabilised slag with high leaching resistance.

SINTEF Energiforskning AS 1.The Norwegian Research Council for support under the DEBORA-programme on distributed energy 2.The European Commission for funding support of ECO-WASTE - a combined research and demonstration project 3.EnviroArc Technologies AS for providing proprietary information Contact Tel Acknowledgements