Unit One: Chapter 5 • allusion • banal • altruistic • euphemism • appease • mercenary • arbitrary • syndrome • assail • taint Page 24 in textbook.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 allusion – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 allusion – noun • After I suggested that Monty have fruit for dessert instead of chocolate cake, he responded, “Is that an allusion to my weight?” • Ramon didn’t have the courage to come right out and ask Lia to marry him. Instead, he made only an allusion to marriage by asking, “Wouldn’t it be easier if we had to fill out just one tax return?” Allusion means A. a contrast to. B. a hint about. C. an answer for. Page 24 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 allusion 1 allusion – noun – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 1 allusion 1 allusion – noun – noun • After I suggested that Monty have fruit for dessert instead of chocolate cake, he responded, “Is that an allusion to my weight?” • Ramon didn’t have the courage to come right out and ask Lia to marry him. Instead, he made only an allusion to marriage by asking, “Wouldn’t it be easier if we had to fill out just one tax return?” Allusion means A. a contrast to. B. a hint about. C. an answer for. Page 24 in textbook. The suggestion that Monty have fruit for dessert makes Monty think the person dropping a hint about his weight. Ramon’s question about filling out one tax return is a hint about getting married.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 altruistic – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 altruistic – adjective • When an enemy approaches, ground squirrels show altruistic behavior. They risk their own lives to give alarm calls to nearby relatives. • “I’m not often altruistic,” Brett admitted. “I usually put my own welfare first.” Altruistic means A. unselfish. B. cheerful. C. greedy. Page 24 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 altruistic – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 2 altruistic – adjective • When an enemy approaches, ground squirrels show altruistic behavior. They risk their own lives to give alarm calls to nearby relatives. • “I’m not often altruistic,” Brett admitted. “I usually put my own welfare first.” Altruistic means A. unselfish. B. cheerful. C. greedy. Page 24 in textbook. If the squirrels risk their own lives to protect relatives, they are being unselfish. If Brett puts her own welfare first, she is being selfish, not unselfish.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 appease – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 appease – verb • My sister was so outraged when I accidentally dropped and broke her cell phone that nothing I could say or do would appease her. • Roger was furious when he saw me out with another guy, but I quickly appeased him by explaining that the “date” was my cousin. Appease means A. to annoy. B. to heal. C. to calm. Page 24 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 appease – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 3 appease – verb • My sister was so outraged when I accidentally dropped and broke her cell phone that nothing I could say or do would appease her. • Roger was furious when he saw me out with another guy, but I quickly appeased him by explaining that the “date” was my cousin. Appease means A. to annoy. B. to heal. C. to calm. Page 24 in textbook. If the sister was extremely outraged, no words or actions would be able to calm her. In the second item, the news that her “date” is her cousin would calm Roger’s fury.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 arbitrary – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 arbitrary – adjective • Professor Miller’s students were angry that he graded essays in an arbitrary way, rather than using clear-cut standards. • Parents should not enforce rules according to their moods. Such arbitrary discipline only confuses children. Arbitrary means A. steady. B. slow. C. impulsive. Page 24 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 arbitrary – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 4 arbitrary – adjective • Professor Miller’s students were angry that he graded essays in an arbitrary way, rather than using clear-cut standards. • Parents should not enforce rules according to their moods. Such arbitrary discipline only confuses children. Arbitrary means A. steady. B. slow. C. impulsive. Page 24 in textbook. If Professor Miller doesn’t use clear-cut standards to grade the essays, he must grade them in an impulsive way. If parents enforce rules according to their moods, the discipline is impulsive rather than consistent.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 assail – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 assail – verb • The storm assailed us with hail and heavy rain. • The two candidates continuously assailed each other with accusations of dishonesty. Assail means A. to attack. B. to confuse. C. to support. Page 24 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 assail – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 5 assail – verb • The storm assailed us with hail and heavy rain. • The two candidates continuously assailed each other with accusations of dishonesty. Assail means A. to attack. B. to confuse. C. to support. Page 24 in textbook. The hail and heavy rain of the storm attacked them. If the candidates are making accusations of dishonesty against one another, they are attacking each other.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 banal – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 banal – adjective • The film, with its overused expressions and unimaginative plot, was the most banal I had ever seen. • “Nice to see you” may be a banal comment, but what it lacks in originality it makes up for in friendliness. Banal means A. greedy. B. unoriginal. C. clever. Page 24 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer. “If my paper seems banal, that’s because my dad wrote it, and he hasn’t had an original idea in years!”

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 banal – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 6 banal – adjective • The film, with its overused expressions and unimaginative plot, was the most banal I had ever seen. • “Nice to see you” may be a banal comment, but what it lacks in originality it makes up for in friendliness. Banal means A. greedy. B. unoriginal. C. clever. Page 24 in textbook. If the film had overused expressions and an unimaginative plot, it must have been unoriginal. If the comment lacks originality, it is unoriginal. “If my paper seems banal, that’s because my dad wrote it, and he hasn’t had an original idea in years!”

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 euphemism – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 euphemism – noun • Common euphemisms include “final resting place” (for grave), “Intoxicated” (for drunk), and “Powder room” (for toilet). • The Central Intelligence Agency is on record as having referred to assassination with the euphemism “change of health.” Euphemism means A. a harsh term. B. a term that doesn’t offend. C. a foreign term. Page 25 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer. A euphemism for toilet

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 euphemism – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 7 euphemism – noun • Common euphemisms include “final resting place” (for grave), “Intoxicated” (for drunk), and “Powder room” (for toilet). • The Central Intelligence Agency is on record as having referred to assassination with the euphemism “change of health.” Euphemism means A. a harsh term. B. a term that doesn’t offend. C. a foreign term. Page 25 in textbook. The first item gives three examples of terms that don’t offend. In the second item, “change of health” is a term that doesn’t offend, while the term assassination would be offensive to some. A euphemism for toilet

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 mercenary – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 mercenary – adjective • Ed is totally mercenary. His philosophy is, “Pay me enough, and I’ll do anything.” • The con man pretended to love the wealthy widow, but he actually married her for mercenary reasons. Mercenary means A. jealous. B. angry. C. greedy. Page 25 in textbook. Answer: C The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 mercenary – adjective Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 8 mercenary – adjective • Ed is totally mercenary. His philosophy is, “Pay me enough, and I’ll do anything.” • The con man pretended to love the wealthy widow, but he actually married her for mercenary reasons. Mercenary means A. jealous. B. angry. C. greedy. Page 25 in textbook. If Ed’s philosophy is that he’ll do anything if he gets enough money, he must be greedy. If the con man only pretended to love the wealthy widow, he must have married her for greedy reasons rather than for love.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 syndrome – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 syndrome – noun • Headaches are usually harmless, but as part of a syndrome including fever and a stiff neck, they may be a sign of a serious illness. • Jet lag is a syndrome resulting from flying long distances; it often includes exhaustion, headache, and loss of appetite. Syndrome means A. a group of symptoms. B. a cause. C. something required. Page 25 in textbook. Answer: A The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 syndrome – noun Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 9 syndrome – noun • Headaches are usually harmless, but as part of a syndrome including fever and a stiff neck, they may be a sign of a serious illness. • Jet lag is a syndrome resulting from flying long distances; it often includes exhaustion, headache, and loss of appetite. Syndrome means A. a group of symptoms. B. a cause. C. something required. Page 25 in textbook. Taken together, headache, fever, and stiff neck is a group of symptoms. In the second item, exhaustion, headache, and loss of appetite is another a group of symptoms.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 taint – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 taint – verb • The involvement of organized crime has tainted many sports, including boxing and horse racing. • The government scandal tainted the reputations of everyone involved. Taint means A. to benefit. B. to damage. C. to start. Page 25 in textbook. Answer: B The next slide explains the answer.

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 taint – verb Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 10 taint – verb • The involvement of organized crime has tainted many sports, including boxing and horse racing. • The government scandal tainted the reputations of everyone involved. Taint means A. to benefit. B. to damage. C. to start. Page 25 in textbook. The involvement of organized crime has damaged boxing and horse racing. A scandal would damage the reputations of those involved.