Do Now 4. During what years did the most immigrants come as a percentage of the population? 5. During what years did the most immigrants come in total? 6. How does immigration today compare to around 1900? 1. What region of the world did most immigrants come from around 1910? 2. What regions of the world do most immigrants come from now?

A history of immigrant phobia

We’re all immigrants. Well, the majority of us If only we were so lucky…

Why do people migrate? What are the patterns of assimilation? How do stereotypes drive US immigration policy? Coming to America

Vocab! Immigrant Somebody who move to another country Emigrant Somebody who leaves from a country Ex. Leaving America Push factors Why people leave Pull factors Why people come to any given place

Push and Pull Factors Push factor What makes you LEAVE your country Pull Factor Why you CHOOSE one place to move TO

Q1 Deprivation is poverty 1. According to this map, what is a major push factor for Mexicans wanting to come to the US? 2. What region of Mexico is most likely to immigrate?

America as a Refuge

Who Came? Africans Forced Germans ’s Escape political persecution Revolution fails, all the radicals come here (yay!) Chinese 1840’s-1850’s Violence, political instability Scandinavians (that’s me) 1850’s-1880’s Overcrowding, poverty Irish 1850’s-1880’s Potato famine and political violence Italians 1890’s-1920’s Poverty; overcrowding, desire for Chicago style pizza E. Europeans Polish 1900’s-1920’s Russians, Hungarians, Romanians Violence, poverty, instability Mexican 1900s, 1920s, 1950-now Steady stream of English/Scottish over the years

Q2 Link What surprised you the most from this map?

Assimilation Cultural process of assimilating one group into another Usually involves some aspects of culture being adopted, and others being lost For large immigrant groups, America adopts some of their customs, while others not vs

Assimilation 1 st generation, new immigrant Keeps most aspects of mother culture Lives in “ethnic” neighborhood called a ghetto 2 nd generation, first born citizens In between two worlds Raised by 1 st gen, raised in new country 3 rd generation Revolts against “old” ways Strives to be “American” Moves out of “ethnic” neighborhood 4 th generation Either gets back to “roots” or stays Americanized 5 th generation stays Americanized

Assimilation has the same story During WWI and WWII German immigrants did this in order to appear more assimilated

Resistance to Immigration

Stereotypes First Irish and German immigrants Depicted as Drunks Commonly depicted as fighting and drinking Stupid, but harmless How is this similar to the way that Freedmen were shown?

Evolution of Stereotypes Irish were seen as the lowest of W. Europe

Anti -Catholic Belief that Catholics follow the Pope’s orders; not the government’s

Fear of Outsiders Fear of political radicals Germany Ireland Russia Anarchists and Communists Come to destroy America Image of poor as subhuman They’ll take our jobs They’ll drive down wages

Same story, different century

Anti-Immigrant Laws Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 Banned Chinese immigration Whites saw as competition Work for cheaper Gentleman's Agreement in 1907 for Japanese Japan wouldn’t allow emigration US wouldn’t ban it Immigration Act 1924 Quotas on Immigration 2% population of a group already living in US 1890 could immigrate every year If 2,000,000 Germans in 1890, then 40,000/year ,000 Italians/year ,000/year

After Before