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1 1 KS3 SCIENCE - BIOLOGY KS3 SCIENCE - BIOLOGY Fighting Disease Fighting Disease

HEALTH 2 2

3 3 Health means that the body is working properly Health means that the body is working properly

HEALTH 4 4 Health can be damaged by injury, where the body is somehow hurt Health can be damaged by injury, where the body is somehow hurt

HEALTH 5 5 The body can also go wrong of its own accord, especially as you age, e.g. Heart failure The body can also go wrong of its own accord, especially as you age, e.g. Heart failure

HEALTH 6 6 Health can also be damaged by Microbes - tiny organisms which invade the body and interfere with its workings Health can also be damaged by Microbes - tiny organisms which invade the body and interfere with its workings

INFECTIONS 7 7

8 8 In your body there are different types of microbes e.g. Viruses and Bacteria - but not all microbes are bad for you In your body there are different types of microbes e.g. Viruses and Bacteria - but not all microbes are bad for you Virus Bacteria

INFECTIONS 9 9 Viruses are extremely small and are just a strand of Genetic information with a Protein coat Viruses are extremely small and are just a strand of Genetic information with a Protein coat

INFECTIONS 10 Viruses can get into an animal’s body and then attach themselves to individual Cells Viruses can get into an animal’s body and then attach themselves to individual Cells

INFECTIONS 11 They then inject their genetic information into the host cell They then inject their genetic information into the host cell

INFECTIONS 12 New viral parcels are then replicated New viral parcels are then replicated

INFECTIONS 13 The growth of the virus kills the cell and breaks it open The growth of the virus kills the cell and breaks it open

INFECTIONS 14 The virus then spreads to other parts of the body The virus then spreads to other parts of the body Viruses can also produce poisons that harm you Viruses can also produce poisons that harm you

INFECTIONS 15 Bacteria are larger than viruses and are living cells that grow and reproduce very rapidly Bacteria are larger than viruses and are living cells that grow and reproduce very rapidly

INFECTIONS 16 Bacteria can attack body tissues or release poisons that make you feel ill Bacteria can attack body tissues or release poisons that make you feel ill

IMMUNITY 17

IMMUNITY 18 Microbes that infect your body will be recognised and attacked by White Blood Cells Microbes that infect your body will be recognised and attacked by White Blood Cells One way they do this is by engulfing the microbes One way they do this is by engulfing the microbes

IMMUNITY 19 When there are a lot of microbes, white blood cells produce Antibodies that cause them to clump together so they can be engulfed in groups When there are a lot of microbes, white blood cells produce Antibodies that cause them to clump together so they can be engulfed in groups

IMMUNITY 20 Antibodies can also attack the surface of the microbes, so that they lose their water and die Antibodies can also attack the surface of the microbes, so that they lose their water and die

IMMUNITY 21 White blood cells can also make chemicals which neutralise poisons made by the microbes White blood cells can also make chemicals which neutralise poisons made by the microbes

IMMUNITY 22 A build-up of antibodies may mean that a person develops a Natural Immunity to a disease A build-up of antibodies may mean that a person develops a Natural Immunity to a disease

IMMUNITY 23 Artificial Immunity can also be created by injecting antibodies, or injecting harmless microbes to stimulate the body to make its own antibodies Artificial Immunity can also be created by injecting antibodies, or injecting harmless microbes to stimulate the body to make its own antibodies