T ESTING STRUCTURE D AY 7, S EPT. 12, 2012 Introduction to Syntax ANTH 3590/7590 Harry Howard Tulane University

C OURSE MANAGEMENT 9/12/12 2 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

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§2.4 Clauses containing complementizers 9/12/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 4

I NTRO Minimalism calls coordinating conjunctions ‘complemetizers’, abbreviated as C(OMP). I said several stupid things. I said that the Earth was flat. Structure I said [ NP several stupid things] I said [ S’ that [ S [ NP the Earth] [ T was] [ AP flat]]] Do you see a problem with this? I said [ CP that [ TP [ NP the Earth] [ T’ [ T was] [ AP flat]]]] 9/12/12 5 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

§2.5 Testing structure 9/12/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 6

S OME TESTS The coordination condition Only constituents of the same type can be coordinated by means of the coordinating conjunctions and, or & but. Substitution Only constituents can be replaced by a proform such as personal pronouns, so & do. The preposing condition When material is preposed in order to highlight it, what is preposed is the smallest possible maximal projection containing the highlighted material. 9/12/12 7 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

O THER CONSTRAINTS The economy condition Syntactic structures should contain as few words as possible, and syntactic operations should affect as few words as possible. The functional head constraint The complement of a certain type of functional head, call it F, cannot be moved on its own (without also moving F). 9/12/12 8 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

E XERCISE 2.1, P. 70 Quick way to draw a tree. Write the sentence along the bottom of your space. Write the syntactic category of each word above it. Merge categories starting at the end and working your way forward. If one line crosses another, you are on the wrong track. 9/12/12 9 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

THE EXAMPLE OF EX /12/12 10 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane PP He has become very fond of Mary PRN T V ADV ADJ P NP Adj’ AdjP VP T’T’ TP

Q1 MIN 0.0 MAX 10.0 AVG 6.4 9/12/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 11

NEXT TIME C-command, bare phrase structure, summary , Ex 2.2 9/12/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 12