WATER, WATER Everywhere But Not a Drop to Drink!

Welcome Back to the Hydrosphere

Where Does That Water Go?? Where Has That Drop Been”

Hydrologic Cycle

Around and Around Water cycle Condensation Evaporation Precipitation Transpiration Sun Clouds Runoff Groundwater Surface water Oceans, lakes, etc… Freshwater Saltwater

Water Cycle No Beginning and No End!

Where is Water Found on Earth? Where It’s Found Oceans Lakes Rivers Ponds Streams Atmosphere Tissues and organs of living things Groundwater Surface Water States of Matter Liquid Frozen Gaseous Water Vapor

Water regulates the earth’s temperature/climate Water Facts 70% of the Earth is covered with water. The same amount of water that was here when Earth formed is still here. You might drink molecules that Neanderthals drank… Water is the only substance that is found naturally on earth in three forms: solid, liquid and gas Most of the Earth’s water is permanently frozen or salty. IMPORTANT! Water regulates the earth’s temperature/climate

97% covers the oceans 2% is frozen Of all the water on the Earth only 1% is available for us to drink

Distribution of Water on Earth Ice - 76% Water Vapor – 0.037% Lakes/Rivers – 0.34% Deep groundwater – 11% Shallow groundwater – 12% Ice - 23mL = 22.8% W V - 01mL L R - .1mL D gw – 3.3mL S gw – 3.6mL

Most (2%) of the freshwater on the Earth is locked up in ice Most (2%) of the freshwater on the Earth is locked up in ice. It’s found in Polar Ice Caps

Of the 3% of freshwater on the Earth, only 1% is available for human’s to drink

“Groundwater” “Glaciers” “Aquifers” “Wetlands” Freshwater Resources “Groundwater” “Glaciers” “Aquifers” “Wetlands”

Where is Earth’s FRESHWATER? Freshwater at Earth’s surface is a small fraction of all the water on the planet. If 1 L of water represents all of Earth’s water, a drop represents all the water in lakes and rivers.

Where Freshwater is Located

Groundwater Water located below Earth’s Surface Largest Source of Freshwater in NORTH CAROLINA

Glaciers-a mass of ice and snow that moves slowly over Earth’s Surface

Are Icebergs\Glaciers Fresh or Salt Water?

Surface Water - Reservoirs Lake-like bodies of water created by damming streams or rivers, usually to supply water and/or hydroelectric power to a nearby area. Examples: Falls of the Neuse - Raleigh Little River Reservoir - Durham

Aquifer (located underground) A rock layer that stores water and allows water to flow through it.

Water that seeps into the soil is groundwater http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078617898/student_view0/brainpop_movies.html Water that seeps into the soil is groundwater It travels through spaces between the rocks The type of rock determines how much water is stored and how fast it moves through the rocks Aquifers –store this freshwater underground Counties obtain drinking water and water for irrigation by tapping into aquifers.

Wetlands – Protected by Law and found “everywhere” on the Earth

Wetlands Protected by Law

Wetlands Act Like Sponges Wetlands act as sponges in the landscape, collecting and holding rainwater to prevent flooding. Since they soak up pollutants and sediments they can improve the quality of the water that will eventually become drinking water for communities.

Wetland Facts 50% of the Earth’s “wetlands” have been lost since 1900 Wetlands clean the rivers and lakes by removing pollution before the water enters the ocean They help stop floods by holding water from rain and melting snow. They act as a sponge. They are breeding and nesting places for numerous fish, birds; ducks, shellfish and other small animals Provide home for many endangered species Every time a wetland is drained at least 500 hundred animals die because of lost of habitat and food. Many laws have been passed to save our wetlands

Rivers of North Carolina

Watershed - Drainage Basin River Basin - a drainage area of a river Watershed – an area of land where rain collects and drains into a single place; lake, ocean, etc… River Basins – large ones are made up of many watersheds Main function: to move water from a higher to lower elevations – mountains to oceans North Carolina has 17 river basins

North Carolina’s “17” River Basins

North Carolina’s “17” River Basins

What Have We Learned?

What Do You Think? Why do we need to protect the “Hydrosphere”? Why do we need to practice conservation of our waters? What is the

Environmental Protection Agency Responsible for protecting and monitoring the Earth’s natural resources: Water Soil Air Plants Animals Minerals Rocks

WATER, WATER Everywhere But Not a Drop to Drink!

Notice how of the world's total water supply of about 332 Notice how of the world's total water supply of about 332.5 million cubic miles of water, over 96 percent is saline. And, of the total freshwater, over 68 percent is locked up in ice and glaciers. Another 30 percent of freshwater is in the ground. Fresh surface-water sources, such as rivers and lakes, only constitute about 22,300 cubic miles (93,100 cubic kilometers), which is about 0.0067 percent of total water. Yet, rivers and lakes are the sources of most of the water people use everyday.

Salinity A measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid (ocean water)

Water Conservation Americans use five times as much water as Europeans use. Humans use about 50 gallons of water daily Today, more than 400 million people live in regions with severe water shortages

Waste Disposal Groundwater Contamination

3. Which process is used in sewage treatment to kill infectious bacteria? a) sedimentation c) filtration b) chlorination d) flotation

Water Facts and Health A person can live about a month without food, but only a week without water. A quarter of the world’s population is without safe drinking water. Water removes waste from the human body. More than 2 billion people on earth do not have a safe supply of water. Humans cannot drink salt water. A person must consume 2 liters of water daily to live healthily. You use an average of 168 gallons of water a day. . Water regulates the temperature of the human body

Water is a Raw Material It takes 450 L (120 g) of water to produce one egg. To process one chicken we need 44 L (11.6 g) of water. To process one can of fruit or vegetables we need 35 L (9.3 g) of water. About 25,700 L (6,800 g) of water is required to grow a day’s food for a family of four. It takes 7,000 L (1,850 g) of water to refine one barrel of crude oil. To manufacture new cars 148,000 L (39,000 g) of water are used per car. It takes 120 gallons of water to produce one egg.

Questions 1 1. Where is most freshwater located on Earth? polar ice caps groundwater lakes Rivers and streams

Answer 1. Where is most freshwater located on Earth? polar ice caps groundwater lakes Rivers and streams

Question 2 What are two sources of freshwater used by cities for drinking water? a. Glaciers and lakes b. Aquifers and reservoirs c. Wetlands and polar ice d. Rivers and oceans

Answer What are two sources of freshwater used by cities for drinking water? a. Glaciers and lakes b. Aquifers and reservoirs c. Wetlands and polar ice d. Rivers and oceans

Question 3 An area of land where precipitation moves from higher to lower elevations and then collects and drains into a stream or river is a tributary aquifer c. watershed d. wetland

Answer An area of land where precipitation moves from higher to lower elevations and then collects and drains into a stream or river is a tributary aquifer c. watershed d. wetland

Questions 4 Where does North Carolina obtain most of its freshwater for drinking? a. Groundwater b. Reservoirs c. Aquifers d. Rivers and streams

Answer Where does North Carolina obtain most of its freshwater for drinking? a. Groundwater b. Reservoirs c. Aquifers d. Rivers and streams

Question 5 Why is a wetland like a sponge? It soaks up nutrients and stores them for animals to eat during the winter It soaks up small animals and provides food for larger animals c. It soaks up water and stores it for use during a drought. It soaks up water and cleans it so freshwater might not become polluted

Answer Why is a wetland like a sponge? It soaks up nutrients and stores them for animals to eat during the winter It soaks up small animals and provides food for larger animals c. It soaks up water and stores it for use during a drought. It soaks up water and cleans it so freshwater might not become polluted

Question 6 Which describes the hydrosphere Most of it contains salt It is made of only freshwater All of it is located above ground It is formed by a climate change

Answer Which describes the hydrosphere Most of it contains salt It is made of only freshwater All of it is located above ground It is formed by a climate change

The End