Huma-Char ® and Its Benefits to Agriculture Heating Up Crop Production With an Ancient Soil Amendment Dr. Vladimir Vasilenko (Dr. Humate)- Technical Director for First American Energy, LLC First American Energy, LLC

The Ultimate Biochar: Huma-Char ® Blending Humate and Char ► Humate from New Mexico is blended with Char from the FAE Process creating a new commercial product- “Huma-Char ® ” combining the benefits of both products!!! ► Specialty formulas of Huma-Char ® can be created by Dr. Vladimir Vasilenko for various applications in agriculture. UNPROCESSED HUMATE AT MINE, GALLUP, NEW MEXICO, USA

Char from the FAE Process is the ideal source for Huma-Char ® ! ► The best char is formed by relatively low temperature pyrolysis. This is why the FAE Process provides the best char to be used in Huma-Char ®. Huma-Char ®. CHAR FROM THE PROPRIETARY FAE PROCESS

► Huma-Char ® is high in organic carbon, largely resistant to decomposition and is intended to be used as a soil amendment. The best biochar is formed by relatively low temperature pyrolysis, ideally at 500° C. ► This is a high enough temperature to achieve maximum surface area but also low enough temperature to retain biological oils that would normally burn off.

Huma-Char ® improves soil in three critical services: ► First, it acts like a sponge to soak up water, hold and slowly release it to soil. This can be an important characteristic in drought-prone areas and/or on soils low in organic matter. ► Second, Huma-Char ® acts as a storehouse adsorbing nutrient ions for exchange to soil biology. ► Third, Huma-Char ® is a substrate which provides habitat and refuge for soil microbes.

Huma-Char ® reduces the need for traditional chemical fertilizers! ► Huma-Char ® -amended soils can show ranges of percent reductions in nitrous-oxide emissions, reduced runoff of phosphorus into surface waters, and reduced leaching of nitrogen into groundwater. ► As a soil amendment, Huma-Char ® can significantly increase the efficiency of and reduce the need for traditional chemical fertilizers, while potentially enhancing crop yields.

Water soluble humic substances (potassium salt of humic acid and fulvic acid) can be used in manufacturing of superior Huma-Char ® ► Potassium Humate and fulvic acid contain valuable plant nutritional substances not found in chemical fertilizers. ► Their water solutions with trace minerals are an ideal source of nutrition in Huma-Char ®

Biochar- What does it mean? ► The term 'biochar' refers to black carbon formed by heating biomass (wood, coal, plant wastes, feedstock, etc.) in an oxygen- free or low oxygen environment so it does not combust. The technical term for this process is pyrolysis. Traditional charcoal is one example of biochar produced from wood. However, the term 'biochar' is much broader than this, encompassing black carbon produced from any biomass feedstock.

For thousands of years charcoal has been used by traditional cultures as a soil amendment ► Many soils contain some naturally occurring charcoal which was produced from natural/prescribed fires. Where human population sizes allow, smallholder farmers in developing countries practice “slash and burn” cultivation which relies on the production of charcoal and its ultimate incorporation back into the soil for fertility. For thousands of years charcoal has been used by traditional cultures as a soil amendment and there is evidence that it positively benefits crop yields. The most well-know example is the fertile Terra Preta soils in Brazil.

For farmers and gardeners within the Northern Hemisphere, biochar can provide a sustainable source of soil amendments ► Crop yields on Terra Preta soils in Brazil have been shown to be much greater than on nearby soils which were not enriched with charcoal.

As a soil amendment, biochar creates a more stable soil carbon pool that serves as a net withdrawal of atmospheric carbon dioxide. The enhanced nutrient-retention capacity of biochar-amended soil not only reduces the total fertilizer requirements but also the climate and environmental impact of croplands.

Field trials using biochar: ► Field trials using biochar have been conducted in the tropics over the past several years. ► Large scale field trials have recently begun on highly fertile Iowa soils by the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service. First year results are positive!

Dr. Vladimir Vasilenko (“Dr. Humate”) is developing new types of humate-based products and Huma-Char ® ► Dr. Vasilenko has created many technologies and products for the agricultural and food industries through his 22 years of research and development. ► 2007 American Biographical Institute Man of the Year.

First American Energy, LLC 9100 N. Morning Glory Road Paradise Valley, AZ, USA Tel: ► Sole manufacturer of the World’s best biochar, Huma-Char ®, combining the finest humate, New Mex U-Mate ®, and the richest char, FAE char from a proprietary process