Grays Harbor Headwaters originate from Olympic and Cascade mountains Rainfall driven Estuary comprised of low gradient mudflats 37 mi 2 at MLLW 90 mi 2 at MHHW Drainage area = 2,600 mi 2 1,391 streams with 3,353 linear stream miles Major Tributaries Humptulips River Hoquiam River Wishkah River Chehalis River Wynoochee River Satsop River Black River Newaukum River Skookumchuck River

Willapa Bay Headwaters originate from Willapa Hills, with exception of North River Rainfall driven Estuary comprised of low gradient mudflats Second largest estuary on West Coast 174 mi 2 at MLLW 260 mi 2 at MHHW Drainage area = 720 mi streams with 1,470 linear stream miles Major Tributaries Cedar River North River Willapa River Niawiakum River Palix River Nemah River Naselle River Bear River

Key Environmental Factors Grays Harbor – Weeks (October – November) – Temperature ( o C) October: =12.5, min=9.7, max=15.6 November: =9.5, min=5.4, max=11.8 – Salinity (psu) October: =19.5, min=0.2, max=29.1 November: =16.4, min=0.02, max=28.7

Key Environmental Factors Willapa Bay – Temperature ( o C) Mid-August through mid- September – August 15 th – 31st: =18.0, min=11.0 max=21.0 – September 1 st -15th: =17.0, min=7.5 max=20.6 Mid-September through end of October – September 16 th -31 st : =16.5, min=11.2 max=20.1 – October 1 st -31 st : =13.2, min=10.1 max=16.9 – Salinity (psu) Mid-August through mid- September – August 15 th – 31st: =28.0, min=2.8 max=32.7 – September 1 st -15th: =28.3, min=7.5 max=32.3 Mid-September through end of October – September 16 th -31 st : =28.0, min=7.9 max=32.7 – October 1 st -31 st : =26.6, min=0.9 max=32.4

Current rates used – Chinook Gill net: 45% From Ashbrook et al 2004 Tangle net: 25% From TAC (14.7%), with buffer – Coho Gill net: 45% - From Chinook

2013 Regulations Grays Harbor – 2A/2D: 45 min soak, recovery box required, release unmarked Chinook 1 day 4.25” tangle net 9 days 5-6.5” gill net – 2C: 4 days 5-8.5” gill net

2013 Regulations Willapa Bay – Aug. 12 – Sept. 13: 21 days 5-9” gill net Release wild Chinook, 45 minute soak, recovery box required – Sept. 15 – Sept. 22: 8 days 5-6” gill net Release wild Chinook, 45 minute soak, recovery box required – Sept. 23 – Oct days 5-6.5” gill net Release wild Chinook, 45 minute soak, recovery box required – November 6 – days 5-6.5” or 9” minimum gill net

Fishery LocationTime PeriodGear Grays Harbor (areas 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) Weeks Gillnet, 6 1/2” maximum mesh Grays Harbor (areas 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D) Weeks Tangle net, 4 ¼” maximum mesh Willapa Bay (areas 2M- 2T) Mid-August through mid-September Gillnet, 9” maximum mesh Willapa Bay (areas 2M– 2T) Mid-September through October 31 Gillnet, 6 ½” maximum mesh Table 1. Fishery locations, time periods, gear, and WACs for consideration by the IFSP.

Grays Harbor 6.5” Gill Net Weeks – October through November

Grays Harbor, 6.5” Gill Net, Oct-Nov – Columbia River, 2001 & 2002, Long Term Mortality = 45% – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Columbia Species: – Chinook: Lower (Fall vs. Spring– maturation) – Chum: Temp: No significant difference ( o C vs. 9 o C) Salinity: Higher (estuary transition zone vs. river) Mesh: No significant difference (6.5” vs 5.5-8”) Migration Duration: Lower (30d versus 180d) Soak Time: Lower (23 min vs. 39min) – 45 minutes by regulation, 2C no maximum soak time Recapture: No significant difference?, except 2A Higher (confined river vs. large open river)

Grays Harbor, 6.5” Gill Net, Oct-Nov – Willapa Bay, 2000, Immediate Mortality = 20.5% – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Willapa Bay Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Lower ( o C vs o C) Salinity: Higher? (20 ppt vs. 28 ppt) Mesh: No significant difference (6.5” vs 7.25”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: Lower (23 min vs. 32min) Recapture: No significant difference – Coho also examined, Immediate mortality = 24.5%

Grays Harbor, 6.5” Gill Net, Oct-Nov – Willapa Bay, 2001, Immediate Mortality = 12.8% – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Willapa Bay Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Lower ( o C vs o C) Salinity: Higher? (20 ppt vs. 28 ppt) Mesh: No significant difference (5.75” vs 5.75”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: No significant difference (23min vs. 28min) Recapture: No significant difference

Grays Harbor, 6.5” Gill Net, Oct-Nov – Willapa Bay, 2003, Immediate Mortality = 15% – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Willapa Bay Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Lower ( o C vs. ~15.5 o C) Salinity: Higher? (20 ppt vs. 28 ppt) Mesh: No significant difference (5.75” vs 5.75”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: Higher (23min vs. 13min) Recapture: No significant difference – Also examined coho, Immediate Mortality = 10.9%

Grays Harbor 4.25” Tangle Net

Grays Harbor, 4.25” Tangle Net, Oct-Nov – Columbia River, 2003, Long Term Mortality = 15.6% Revised by TAC to 14.7% – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Columbia Species: – Chinook: Lower (Fall Chinook vs. Spring Chinook – maturation) – Chum: Temp: No significant difference ( o C vs. 9 o C) Salinity: Higher (estuary transition zone vs. river) Mesh: No significant difference (4.25” vs ”) Migration Duration: Lower (30d versus 180d) Soak Time: Higher (45min vs. 34min) Recapture: No significant difference?, except 2A Higher (confined river vs. large open river)

Grays Harbor, 4.25” Tangle Net, Oct-Nov – Willapa Bay, 2000 & 2001, Immediate Mortality = 5.9 % (8.1 & 3.7) – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Willapa Bay Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Lower ( o C vs. ~13.5 o C) Salinity: Higher? (20 ppt vs. 28 ppt) Mesh: Higher (4.25” vs 3.5”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: Lower (23min vs. 30min) – 45 min by regulation Recapture: No significant difference – Coho also examined in 2001, Immediate Mortality = 19.9%

Grays Harbor, 4.25” Tangle Net, Oct-Nov – Willapa Bay, 2003, Immediate Mortality = 3.7 % – Effect on Mortality: Grays Harbor versus Willapa Bay Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Lower ( o C vs. ~13.5 o C) Salinity: Higher? (20 ppt vs. 28 ppt) Mesh: Higher (4.25” vs 3.5”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: Higher (23min vs. 14min) – 45 min by regulation Recapture: No significant difference – Coho also examined in 2001, Immediate Mortality = 11.3%

Willapa Bay 9” Gill Net

Willapa Bay, 9” Gill Net, Aug 16 – Sept. 15 – Columbia River, 2001 & 2002, Long Term Mortality = 45% – Effect on Mortality: Willapa Bay versus Columbia River Species: – Chinook: Lower (Fall Chinook vs. Spring Chinook – maturation) – Chum: Temp: Higher (17-18 o C vs. 9 o C) Salinity: Higher (estuary transition zone vs. river) Mesh: Higher (9” vs 5.5-8”) Migration Duration: Lower (30d versus 180d) Soak Time: Lower (30min vs. 39min) – 45 min by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference?, except 2U Higher (confined river vs. large open river)

Willapa Bay, 9” Gill Net, Aug 16 – Sept. 15 – Willapa Bay, 2000, Immediate Mortality = 20.5% – Effect on Mortality: Current versus 2000 Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Higher (17-18 o C vs o C) Salinity: No significant difference Mesh: Higher (9” vs 7.25”) Migration Duration: No significant difference Soak Time: No significant difference(30min vs. 32min) – 45 min by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference – Coho also examined, Immediate mortality = 24.5%

Willapa Bay, 9” Gill Net, Aug 16 – Sept. 15 – Willapa Bay, 2001, Immediate Mortality = 12.8% – Effect on Mortality: Current versus 2001 Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Higher (17-18 o C vs. 13 o C) Salinity: Salinity: No significant difference Mesh: Higher (9” vs 5.75”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: No significant difference (30min vs. 28min) – 45 min by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference

Willapa Bay, 9” Gill Net, Aug 16 – Sept. 15 – Willapa Bay, 2003, Immediate Mortality = 15% – Effect on Mortality: Current versus 2003 Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Higher (17-18 o C vs. ~15.5 o C) Salinity: No significant difference Mesh: No significant difference (6.5” vs 5.75”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: Higher (30min vs. 13min) – 45 min by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference – Also examined coho, Immediate Mortality = 10.9% (only time)

Willapa Bay 6.5” Tangle Net

Willapa Bay, 6.5” Tangle Net, Sept. 16 – Oct. 31 – Columbia River, 2003, Long Term Mortality = 15.6% Revised by TAC to 13.7% – Effect on Mortality: Willapa Bay versus Columbia Species: – Chinook: Lower (Fall Chinook vs. Spring Chinook – maturation) – Chum: Temp: Higher ( o C vs. 9 o C) Salinity: Higher (estuary transition zone vs. river) Mesh: Higher (6.5” vs ”) Migration Duration: Lower (30d versus 180d) Soak Time: No significant difference (30min vs. 34min) – 45 minutes by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference?, except 2U Higher (confined river vs. large open river)

Willapa Bay, 6.5” Tangle Net, Sept. 16 – Oct. 31 – Willapa Bay, 2000 & 2001, Immediate Mortality = 5.9% (8.1 & 3.7) – Effect on Mortality: Current versus 2000 & 2001 – Species: – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum: Temp: Higher ( o C vs. ~13.5 o C) Salinity: No significant difference Mesh: Higher (6.5” vs 3.5”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: No significant difference(30min vs. 30min) – 45 min by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference – Coho also examined in 2001, Immediate Mortality = 19.9%

Willapa Bay, 6.5” Tangle Net, Sept. 16 – Oct. 31 – Willapa Bay, 2003, Immediate Mortality = 3.7 % – Effect on Mortality: Current versus 2003 – Chinook: No significant difference – Chum : Temp: Higher( o C vs. ~13.5 o C) Salinity : No significant difference Mesh: Higher (6.5” vs 3.5”) Migration Duration: No significant difference (30d versus 30d) Soak Time: Higher (30min vs. 14min) – 45 min by regulation except late November Recapture: No significant difference – Coho also examined in 2001, Immediate Mortality = 11.3%

Other Miscelleneous Data Baranski 1980: Reports higher mortality rates for Skagit River Chinook caught in lower river (98%) versus upper river 1 month later (<5%) Zajec: Reports immediate mortality rates for Chum in Quilcene Bay of 26% and 10% Baker et al. 2013: found evidence for delayed or inhibited maturation in fish with disentanglement injuries

Immediate versus Long Term Only Studies are Columbia River – Ratio is 7X to 65X – Is 7X the minimum value? Mortality versus time – What is shape of function? – Hooking mortality, most mortality is within first few days