Tfam 1  g empty vector 1  g Tfb2m 1  g Relative mRNA level 0 100 200 50 150 * * p<0.05 vs empty vector * Transfection Tfam mRNA Tfb2m mRNA Tfam and.

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Tfam 1  g empty vector 1  g Tfb2m 1  g Relative mRNA level * * p<0.05 vs empty vector * Transfection Tfam mRNA Tfb2m mRNA Tfam and Tfb2m mRNA Tfam siRNA #1 Scramble siRNA Tfb2m siRNA # * * Tfam siRNA #2 Tfb2m siRNA #2 * * p<0.05 vs scramble siRNA * Tfam mRNA Tfb2m mRNA Transfection Tfam and Tfb2m mRNA Tfam Tfb2m 28S Non-treated Tfam siRNA #1 Scramble siRNA Tfb2m siRNA #1 Tfam siRNA #2 Tfb2m siRNA #2 Relative mRNA level Supplemental Figure 2 B C A Transfection

A Supplemental Figure 3 Translational diffusion time (  s) p<0.05 * Recombinant TFAM protein (-) (+) * B Translational diffusion time (  s) *p<0.05 * Recombinant TFB2M protein (-) (+) * * *

Supplemental Figure 4 A B Tfam siRNA #1 Scramble siRNA * Tfb2m siRNA #1 * p<0.05 vs. scramble siRNA * ATP content (nmol/mg tissue) * * p<0.05 vs. empty vector * ATP content (nmol/mg tissue) Tfam 1  g Empty vector 1  g Tfb2m 1  g

Supplemental Figure 5 AB Relative mitochondrial ATPase 6/8 mRNA level r = 0.49 p < Relative Tfam mRNA level Relative mitochondrial ATPase 6/8 mRNA level r = 0.57 p < Relative Tfb2m mRNA level D Relative cytochrome-b mRNA level r = 0.48 p < Relative Tfam mRNA level 1.5 C Relative cytochrome-b mRNA level r = 0.58 p < Relative Tfb2m mRNA level 1.5

Translational diffusion time (  s) -170 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~-93 ( - ) (+)(+) p< * * * * * Recombinant SP1 protein A CD Tfam 0.5  g + Sp1 0.5  g Empty vector 1  g Tfam 1  g Sp1 1  g 3 Serca2 gene transcription (relative luciferase unit) * * * p<0.05 vs. empty vector TFAM only TFAM+SP1 Translational diffusion time (  s) NS Supplemental Figure 6 B Serca2 gene transcription (relative luciferase unit) p<0.05 vs. empty vector in each group * * * Serca2 Luc wild Serca2 Luc mutation -122 Serca2 Luc mutation -119 Empty Tfam Tfb2m Sp1 Empty Tfam Tfb2m Sp1 Empty Tfam Tfb2m Sp1 Empty Tfam Tfb2m Sp1 Serca2 Luc mutation -116 * * * * * * *

Tfam Tfb2m Bnp Serca2a ET nmol/L NE 30  mol/L NE 100  mol/L Vehicle 28S Supplemental Figure 7 ET-1 10 nmol/L Vehicle NE 5  mol/L Vehicle