?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ?? 1.) What did Africa have a lot of that Europe wanted? 1.) What did Africa have a lot of that Europe wanted? 2.) Which European nations were most successful in the “Scramble for Africa”? 2.) Which European nations were most successful in the “Scramble for Africa”? 3.) How did Imperial Countries feel about Africa? 3.) How did Imperial Countries feel about Africa?

Dividing a Continent Today, what are some problems facing Africa? Today, what are some problems facing Africa? Why does Africa face so many difficulties today? Why does Africa face so many difficulties today?

A continent divided….

Scramble for Colonies How do Europeans first become interested in Africa? How do Europeans first become interested in Africa? –Explorers –Missionaries –Develop a ‘paternalistic view’ of Africans

Effect of Imperialism on Africa ~Europeans felt Africans were unable to rule themselves. ~Exploit the Africans

*Used paternalism and assimilation to control them. *Govern them like parents!!!! PATERNALISTIC VIEW OF NATIVES

>> Central/East Africa: To get rich, African tribal kings sold business people the rights to raw materials. people the rights to raw materials. U-tube milk tapping

Mr. Chaney

Exploitation of African Resources Exploitation of African Resources North Africa: England wanted control of Egypt and the Suez Canal so they could get through Africa. North Africa: England wanted control of Egypt and the Suez Canal so they could get through Africa. Mediterranean sea

>> West Africa ~Slave trading posts changed into product trading posts. (oil, coal, iron ore, copper, gold, and diamonds).

Dr. David Livingstone Explorer-Missionary Explorer-Missionary Traversed Africa and wrote about the people of Africa. Traversed Africa and wrote about the people of Africa. More sympathy and less bias for Africans. More sympathy and less bias for Africans. Leaders hire explorers to travel to Africa Leaders hire explorers to travel to Africa

King Leopold II of Belgium –Sends Stanley to the Congo Starts trade with Congo Starts trade with Congo –Claims his mission is to civilize the Congo and carry the light “that for millions of men still plunged in barbarism will be the dawn of a better era” Sparks a race to claim different regions Sparks a race to claim different regions –Britain, France, and Germany –“SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA”

King Leopold II Henry Morton Stanley

Berlin Conference Why? Why? When? When? Where? Where? What happens? What happens? –European countries had to have a government in a region before it could claim control over it.  >>>>THIS BEGINS THE SCRAMBLE >>>THIS BEGINS THE SCRAMBLE <<<< –Within 20 years, all of Africa was partitioned up by European powers.

The effect of Berlin Conference was to divide, not to unify Africa. The effect of Berlin Conference was to divide, not to unify Africa. The colonial boundaries were artificial and illogical. They ignored the colonial cohesion of tribal Africa and separated the peoples of ethnic mini-national languages held together for centuries by their common heritage. No sensible grouping of people remained The colonial boundaries were artificial and illogical. They ignored the colonial cohesion of tribal Africa and separated the peoples of ethnic mini-national languages held together for centuries by their common heritage. No sensible grouping of people remained

?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ?? 1.) What was the attraction of European nations to Africa? 1.) What was the attraction of European nations to Africa? 2.) Which European nations were most successful in the “Scramble for Africa”? 2.) Which European nations were most successful in the “Scramble for Africa”? 3.) How did Imperial Countries feel about Africa? 3.) How did Imperial Countries feel about Africa?

>>Southern Africa >Southern Africa<< The Apartheid *A Horrible example of Racial Segregation*

?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ?? 1.) What are White people in South Africa called? 1.) What are White people in South Africa called? 2.) What was the legal segregation called that separated the races? 2.) What was the legal segregation called that separated the races? 3.) Who is the person that is most responsible for ending racial segregation in South Africa? 3.) Who is the person that is most responsible for ending racial segregation in South Africa?

Exploitation of Africa South Africa: British fought wars to: South Africa: British fought wars to: –Win right to mine diamonds, then –Made South Africa an Apartheid.  Government policy of segregation and exploitation

Background During the Age of Imperialism certain areas of South Africa were “WHITE” or European only. During the Age of Imperialism certain areas of South Africa were “WHITE” or European only. European racism grew during this time. European racism grew during this time.

The Apartheid A government enforced policy of separation that began in A government enforced policy of separation that began in Designed to continue political and economic dominance of whites in South Africa Designed to continue political and economic dominance of whites in South Africa

Rules of Apartheid First laws outlawed interracial marriages. First laws outlawed interracial marriages. Classification board created to settle disputes of race. Classification board created to settle disputes of race.

Group Areas Act of 1950 Prohibited Non-whites from living or working in white areas Prohibited Non-whites from living or working in white areas Forcibly removed violators Forcibly removed violators

Separate Amenities Act of 1953 Created separate beaches, buses, hospitals, schools and universities Created separate beaches, buses, hospitals, schools and universities Facilities for different races did not have to be equal Facilities for different races did not have to be equal

Other Legislation –The Population Registration Act (1950)  This law required all citizens to be registered by skin color The Mines and Work Act (1956)The Mines and Work Act (1956)  Reserved skilled jobs for whites –The Extension of University Education Act (1959)  Created separate universities for each race

Day-to-Day Apartheid Non-whites could not run businesses in white areas. Non-whites could not run businesses in white areas. Passes needed to enter white zones. Passes needed to enter white zones. Black areas rarely had electricity or plumbing. “Ritz versus the Slums” Black areas rarely had electricity or plumbing. “Ritz versus the Slums” Hospitals and ambulances were segregated, non-white were usually run down and under staffed. Hospitals and ambulances were segregated, non-white were usually run down and under staffed.

Day - to - Day Black education was very basic and geared towards working for whites Black education was very basic and geared towards working for whites Black police officers could not arrest white citizens Black police officers could not arrest white citizens Blacks were stripped of citizenship and voting rights Blacks were stripped of citizenship and voting rights

Forced Removals In Johannesburg, 60,000 blacks were moved to area called Soweto. In Johannesburg, 60,000 blacks were moved to area called Soweto. Area was on Southwest part of town by the mines and industrial areas. Area was on Southwest part of town by the mines and industrial areas.

Changes During the ’s violent protests demanded changes During the ’s violent protests demanded changes International community became involved as well International community became involved as well Caused many deaths and violence throughout South Africa. Caused many deaths and violence throughout South Africa.

Nelson Mandela Activist who was jailed for 27 years during the apartheid Activist who was jailed for 27 years during the apartheid Was first elected official after democratic elections were held on April 27, 1994 Was first elected official after democratic elections were held on April 27, 1994 Rev. Desmond Tutu

Nelson Mandela’s – Inaugural Address May 10th 1994 We understand it still that there is no easy road to freedom. We know it well that none of us acting alone can achieve success. We understand it still that there is no easy road to freedom. We know it well that none of us acting alone can achieve success. We must therefore act together as a united people, for national reconciliation, for nation building, for the birth of a new world. We must therefore act together as a united people, for national reconciliation, for nation building, for the birth of a new world. Let there be justice for all. Let there be justice for all. Let there be peace for all. Let there be peace for all. Let there be work, bread, water and salt for all. Let there be work, bread, water and salt for all. Let each know that for each the body, the mind and the soul have been freed to fulfill themselves. Let each know that for each the body, the mind and the soul have been freed to fulfill themselves.

South Africa 2010 Wealthiest country in all of Africa. Wealthiest country in all of Africa. Beginning to shed horrors of Apartheid. Beginning to shed horrors of Apartheid. Human Trafficking now an issue. Human Trafficking now an issue. Spotlight for the world to see…. Spotlight for the world to see…. –Host of 2010 WORLD CUP

?? WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ?? 1.) What are White people in South Africa called? 1.) What are White people in South Africa called? 2.) What was the legal segregation called that separated the races? 2.) What was the legal segregation called that separated the races? 3.) Who is the person that is most responsible for ending racial segregation in South Africa? 3.) Who is the person that is most responsible for ending racial segregation in South Africa?