Unit 4: Imperialism What will we learn today? 10.4.1 The rise of industrial economies and their link to imperialism. 10.4.2 The locations of colonial rule of such nations as England, France, etc. 10.4.3 Imperialism from the perspective of the colonizers and the colonized. Pretend you are an imperialist who is setting out to conquer new land. Pick a place on the map to conquer and explain why.

what should your group own? OIL Natural resources, diamonds Natural resources, coal, iron, minerals Strategic location, good agriculture Natural resources, stones, spices, and consumers Strategic location to cut through Americas Natural resources, timber and rubber

Reflection How did your group and other groups act when you were marking your territories? Do you think this was a fair way to claim land? If unclaimed land remains, who should get it?

11.1 The Scramble for Africa

Big Idea Ignoring the claims of African ethnic groups, kingdoms, and city-states, Europeans established colonies. African nations continue to feel the effects of the colonial presence more than 100 years later.

Objectives Describe Africa before European domination. Summarize the motives of European colonizers and the factors that allowed them to control Africa. Identify the three groups that clashed in South Africa.

Essential Question How did the Industrial Revolution lead to European colonization? What were the effects of colonization on Africa?

Imperialism A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially.

Industrialization to Imperialism The Industrial Revolution pushed Europe to find more. resources to fuel their industries They competed for new markets and goods  Africa became the target. Colonial Powers seized vast areas of Africa during the 19th and 20 centuries.

What continent was a target for European imperialism? Check for Understanding What continent was a target for European imperialism?

Africa Before European Dominance The African People: Ethnic groups – hundreds Languages – there were more than a thousand Religion – mainly traditional, also Islamic or Christian Politically – large empires to small tribes

Africa is a CONTINENT not a country… In case you forgot!

Europeans actually controlled very little African territory at the beginning of the 19th century.

Check for Understanding Is having thousands of languages going to help Africa defend itself or hurt it?

What is Africa: country or continent? Check for Understanding What is Africa: country or continent?

Why was most of the European territory on the coast? Check for Understanding Why was most of the European territory on the coast?

Europeans saw Africa as an unoccupied land waiting to be taken. Myth of the “Dark Continent”

The African Congo Europeans were unable to penetrate the interior of Africa because of disease and travel difficulties. Dr. David Livingstone and Henry Stanley Stanley – an American journalist found Livingstone and then charted the Congo King Leopold II of Belgium began to claim parts of the Congo through treaties made by Stanley. This began the land scramble.

Check for Understanding Was King Leopold II’s interest in Africa good or bad for native Africans?

King Leopold II of Belgium “I don't want to miss the chance of getting us a slice of this magnificent African cake.” Africa

Congo

Soldiers in the Belgian Congo

Congo Rain Forest

Downtown Kinshasa

Do you agree with this statement: Successful people have earned their success through hard work.

Do you agree with this statement: I don’t feel bad that we killed all the Indians. Survival of the fittest, baby. .

SOCIAL DARWINISM Social theory (based on Charles Darwin’s scientific theories) that said that those who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were considered superior to others.

Line up around the room according to your shirt color Blue shirts Green shirts Yellow shirts Red shirts Orange shirts Brown shirts Black shirts White shirts Smartest and most evolved! White Man's Burden Social Darwinism Dumb and need the blue shirts help to educate and civilize you

Driving Forces of Imperialism European nations needed natural resources and markets for their goods to improve their economies. Belief in European Superiority: National pride Competition Racism Social Darwinism

What were the driving forces of imperialism? Check for Understanding What were the driving forces of imperialism?

RACIST ATTITUDES Cecil Rhodes stated “I contend that we are the finest race in the world, and the more we inhabit the better it is for the human race.” De Beers Diamonds

Does it bother you, or will you still buy diamonds? Check for Understanding Does it bother you, or will you still buy diamonds?

The Europeans believed that an empire was proof of a nation’s greatness. Each nation was determined to take as much territory as possible.

Check for Understanding In order to be a strong nation, you needed to have a large?

What is the author trying to say?

White Man’s Burden This idea that is the White Man’s duty to civilize the world’s “savages.” This was a justification for taking over foreign lands.

Check for Understanding Tell me the White Man’s Burden in your own words…

Check for Understanding Do you think that native populations should be forced to attend school, establish government, end brutal ceremonies, etc?

Reality.......

White Man’s Burden Do you think that these country’s needed “help?” Do you think in the long run imperialism will help these countries? What is the persons perspective who made the video? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1iKnW3OxM0o&feature=fvw

European Advantages Machine gun – superior weaponry Steam engine: boats and trains – made travel easier Variety of language and culture – did not encourage unity amongst Africans Rivalry amongst ethnic groups – kept Africans from uniting against the Europeans Maxim gun

Check for Understanding Which of the four advantages do you think was most important?

The Division of Africa The discovery of diamonds and gold caused countries to join in the land scramble Berlin Conference (1884-85)- 14 European countries met to divide up African lands. A country could land claim by notifying other countries and controlling the area No African ruler was invited to attend

Check for Understanding What was decided at the Berlin Conference?

Check for Understanding How many representatives from Africa were at the Berlin Conference?

The Zulus

Shaka Zulu A Zulu Family

South Africa

West Coast National Park

Cape Town, South Africa

Cape Town, South Africa

Cape Town, South Africa

Cape Town, South Africa

Cape Town, South Africa

Zulu Tribe

Zulu Tribe

Zulu Dance

The Clash Over Africa Three groups mainly fought over Africa: Africans, Dutch and British Europeans saw the lands as empty Local Wars in South Africa (Zulus v. British) Shaka Zulu controlled a large centralized state. When he died the British invaded the Zulu nation and was defeated by their superior weaponry.

Check for Understanding What was the name of the African tribe that was most troublesome for the British to defeat?

Local Wars in South Africa Continued Boer Wars (Boers v. British) Boers are Dutch farmers, also known as Afrikaners who settled in South Africa Diamonds and gold were discovered in S. Africa a rush of people came to get rich A rebellion broke out – the Boers blamed the British This was the first “total” war Ultimately the British won the war

Check for Understanding How many representatives from Africa were at the Berlin Conference?

Check for Understanding Who won the Boer War?

How did Industrialization lead to Imperialism? Summary How did Industrialization lead to Imperialism?

Social Darwinism Political Cartoon Draw a political cartoon representing the concept of Social Darwinism and White Man’s Burden

European Imperialism in Africa Assignment: European Imperialism in Africa

Name______________________Date___________ Per___

Who had the biggest piece of the “cake”?

Quiz next class on geography. Study your map! Reminder Quiz next class on geography. Study your map!