Amy Pate, Ph.D. Senior Researcher (Political Instability) START, University of Maryland December 11, 2012
Key actors? European powers, esp. Great Britain and France Key strategies? Military expansion Commercial expansion Direct control of territory Key interests? Resources Markets Leverage for European politics
Key actors? United States China Russia India Brazil Australia EU Major African countries
Key strategies? Foreign direct investment Foreign aid Both state-led AND private Partnerships with national elites
Key interests? Resources Mineral Agricultural Markets (secondary) Diplomatic leverage Security
42% bauxite 38% uranium 42% gold 73% platinum 88% diamonds 10% oil
60% arable, undeveloped, land Multiple crops possible
Resources for infrastructure Chinese gets access to mineral resources Government gains infrastructure (roads, hospitals, airports, etc), although frequently through contracts to Chinese firms for the work Lack of conditionalities (common for Western investment/loans) Concentrated in a few countries
The Chinese Export-Import Bank (EXIM) wants to invest in the development of a mine, located in a region where an ethnic minority lives, in a moderately unstable African country. What are the potential costs/benefits for the following: Local community where mine would be located National government China
LAND INVESTMENT Country%age of Agricultural Area DR Congo48.8% Mozambique21.1% Uganda14.6% Zambia8.8% Ethiopia8.2% Madagascar6.7% Malawi6.2% Mali6.1% Senegal5.9% Tanzania5% Sudan2.3% Nigeria1% Ghana0.6%
What are the implications of foreign investors buying up agricultural land?
Six-part series by Geoffrey York, The Globe and Mail. Six-part series by Geoffrey York, The Globe and Mail. Padraig Carmody The New Scramble for Africa Oxfam. “Our land, Our lives.” Oxfam. “Our land, Our lives.” “Minerals and Africa’s Development The International Study Group Report on Africa’s Mineral Regimes” “Minerals and Africa’s Development The International Study Group Report on Africa’s Mineral Regimes”