Ohio Learning Standard #11 Imperialism involved land acquisition, extraction of raw materials, spread of Western values and maintenance of political control

Prior to 1850 – African Slave Trade

THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA! To demonstrate their power/prestige - European nations acquired territories around the world, including Africa … “Scramble” so intense there were fears of inter-Imperialist wars

Strategic Interests From Europeans traded with Africa, but had few colonies – all along coastal ports … Algeria (N), Angola (W), Cape Town (S) In latter half of the 19th century - Europeans began to explore Africa's interior … by 1914, virtually the entire continent was colonized

Extraction of Rubber & Mining

*By WWI – 90% of Africa is Colonized*

“Dr. Livingstone, I presume” European imperialists built on information provided by adventurers, like Dr. Livingstone & Henry Stanley: - mapped out vast areas of South & Central Africa - charted the Nile (source) - traced the courses of Congo & Zambezi Rivers - realized vast resources

Commercial Ventures French & British occupation of Suez Canal Cecil Rhodes’ - De Beers Mining Company King Léopold’s brutal exploitation of rubber forests in the Belgian Congo … “Free State”

Berlin Conference To avoid potential war over the colonizing of Africa … Europe’s leaders drew maps to carve it up instead Claims to exclusive control of territories, waterways, & commercial trade rights – capability of imposing tariffs (import taxes) Results in political & economic transforming of Africa … without ______________________

Boer Wars in South Africa After Zulu Wars - Britain began consolidating control of most territories of Southern Africa Annexation of South African Rep (Transvaal) which had been independent - from Dutch Afrikaner settlers (Boers) result is R_________ In 1899 – the British South Africa Company attempts to overthrow Boer Government … gain control of g____ & d_________ mining