A ‘Chinese Box’ representation of grammatical structure: clauses and groups A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands. A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands in the garden the garden

Tree diagram: constituency structure A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands. A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands in the garden his hands wiped A small gnome the garden -ed wipe he hand -s in

‘Tree diagram’ representation of grammatical structure A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands. clause group group A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands group group in the garden wiped A small gnome his hands word word word word word in the garden wipe -ed he hand -s word group morphemes

The Rank Scale Clauses Groups & Phrases Words Morphemes

Names of parts: Rank Units A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands. clause group group A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands group group in the garden wiped A small gnome his hands word word word word word in the garden wipe -ed he hand -s word morphemes group

‘Tree diagram’ representation of grammatical structure: down to groups A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands. A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands in the garden the garden clause in nominal group prepositional phrase verbal nominal group preposition

Rank Units: down to groups A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands. A small gnome in the garden wiped his hands in the garden the garden clause in nominal group prepositional phrase verbal nominal group preposition

The Rank Scale clauses groups and phrases words are made up of nominal groups verbal groups adjectival groups adverbial groups prepositional phrases words morphemes are made up of

A map of linguistic structure Thomas T. Tatimus has been tying his tubs tentatively to two tall trees Ranked Constituents (minimal bracketting)

Functional structure: clauses consist of prepositional phrases adverbial groups Circumstances Participants nominal groups Process verbal group function FORM

A map of linguistic structure Thomas T. Tatimus has been tying his tubs tentatively to two tall trees Useful as a way of decomposing a sentence into parts that can be quickly related to functional elements Ranked Constituents (minimal bracketting)