Breakthrough Waterborne Alkyd Technology for Interior Wood Stains Michael Knight PCCR USA, INC. Technical Service Manager October 9, 2014

AGENDA BACKGROUND ALKYD DEVELOPMENT EMULSIFICATION PROCESS EMULSION STABILITY STAIN FORMULA OPTIMIZATION PENETRATION TEST LAPPING RESISTANCE TEST GRAIN RAISE RESISTANCE EXTERIOR STAIN CONCLUSION

BACKGROUND SOLVENTBORNE CONVENTIONAL SOLIDS LONG OIL ALKYDS USED FOR WOOD STAINS AS VOC REGULATIONS TIGHTENED, HIGH SOLIDS ALKYDS INTRODUCED SLOWER CURE DUE TO LOWER MW THEN WATER REDUCIBLE LONG OIL ALKYDS INTRODUCED HYDROLYSIS ISSUE ALKYD EMULSIONS SAME PENETRATION INTO WOOD NOT SEEN AS WITH SOLVENTBORNE

BACKGROUND ALKYD EMULSION DEVELOPED TO OVERCOME SHORTCOMINGS OF EARLY OFFERINGS VERY GOOD HYDROLITIC STABILITY EXCELLENT PENETRATION INTO WOOD EXCELLENT LAPPING RESISTANCE EXCELLENT GRAIN RAISE RESISTANCE

ALKYD DEVELOPMENT EMULSION OF TRADITIONAL LONG OIL ALKYD POOR PENETRATION, LAPPING AND GRAIN RAISE RESISTANCE ALKYD BACKBONE WAS MODIFIED TO IMPROVE LONGER OIL LENGTH RESULTANT LOWER MW FASTER DRYING OIL STAIN PERFORMANCE WAS IMPROVED

EMULSIFICATION PROCESS CRITICAL PARAMETERS SURFACTANT TYPE SURFACTANT LEVEL SHEAR RATE RESIN AND WATER TEMPERATURE WATER ADDITION RATES OBSERVATIONS VERY FORGIVING PROCESS HIGH TO LOW SHEAR ADDITION OF SURFACTANT CRITICAL

EMULSION STABILITY – 140 F HOT BOX LAB HIGH SHEAR BEWOID BLADES ~500 NM – 10 WEEKS HOT BOX STABLE PILOT HIGH SHEAR ROTOR STATOR ~300 NM – 10+ WEEKS HOT BOX STABLE LAB LOW SHEAR NORMAL PADDLE BLADES ~600 NM – 8 WEEKS HOT BOX STABLE PILOT LOW SHEAR SAME STABILITY

BEWOID BLADE

STAIN FORMULA OPTIMIZATION OPTIMIZATION FOR OPEN TIME AND LAPPING PROPYLENE GLYCOL AS SOLVENT CAN BE FORMULATED TO AS LOW AS 50 G/L VOC OPTIMIZATION FOR COLOR ACCEPTANCE ADM 750 DISPERSANT OPTIMIZATION FOR GRAIN PENETRATION WHITE STREAKS IN STAINED WOOD ENVIROGEM® 2010 SURFACTANT OPTIMIZATION FOR DRY TIME/URETHANE CLEARCOAT ACCEPTANCE 3% BORCHI® OXYCOAT 1101/0.3% CA (HYDRO-CEM®) 2% BORCHI® OXYCOAT 1101.0.2% ZR/0.2% CA (HYDRO-CEM®)

50 g/L VOC TINTABLE STAIN FORMULATION

PENETRATION TEST NO QUANTITATIVE TEST METHOD DESIGNED OUR OWN QUALITATIVE TEST COUPLE DROPS OF STAIN PLACED ON BOARD COVER 15 MINUTES WITH WATCH GLASS AND OBSERVE EXTERIOR ACRYLIC STAIN – SITS ON SURFACE INTERIOR ACRYLIC STAIN – MORE CONTACT WITH WOOD ALKYD EMULSION – SPREADS ON WOOD AND PENETRATES

PENETRATION TEST

LAPPING RESISTANCE TEST COMMON APPLICATION PROBLEM STOPPING MID-FLOOR OR MID-BOARD WIPE STAIN ONTO 9 INCHES OF 12-INCH OAK FLOOR BOARD AFTER TWO MINUTES, WIPE OFF EXCESS WAIT 20 MINUTES APPLY STAIN TO OTHER END OF BOARD WITH 3-INCH OVERLAP OBSERVE

LAPPING – 20 MINUTES BETWEEN COATS

GRAIN RAISE RESISTANCE WOOD IS POROUS SUBSTRATE WATER SWELLS THE WOOD GRAIN ROUGH TO TOUCH SOLVENTBORNE STAINS DO NOT HAVE GRAIN RAISE ISSUES TYPICALLY, WATERBORNE STAINS DO ALKYD EMULSION STAIN HAS EXCELLENT GRAIN RAISE RESISTANCE

EXTERIOR STAIN FORMULA TRANSFORMATION FOR WATER BEADING SILICONE AND PARRAFIN WAX EMULSIONS ADDED FOR UV DURABILITY TINUVIN® 1130 AND TINUVIN® 292 ADDED FOR FUNGUS CONTROL A FUNGICIDE WAS ADDED GLOSS WAS FLATTENED WITH SILICA COMPARED TO 6 COMMERCIAL DECK STAINS ONE YEAR OUTDOOR EXPOSURE TO DATE

EXTERIOR STAIN – ONE YEAR OUTDOOR EXPOSURE – CARPENTERSVILLE, IL GLOSS RETENTION 20 DEGREE GLOSS RETENTION 60 DEGREE DELTA E ALKYD EMULSION 100% 65% 3.8 STAIN #1 44.4% 3.0 STAIN #2 50% 34.2% 4.05 STAIN #3 44.9% 3.6 STAIN #4 22.5% 2.5 STAIN #5 92.3% 4.0 STAIN #6 83.4% 2.3

SUMMARY “HOLY GRAIL” FOR REFINISHING WOOD FLOORS EXCELLENT STAIN PENETRATION EXCELLENT LAPPING RESISTANCE EXCELLENT GRAIN RAISE RESISTANCE VOC AS LOW AS 50 G/L, LOWER POSSIBLE FEASIBLE AS EXTERIOR DECK STAIN ANY QUESTIONS……