Social Welfare and Prohibition Chris Perez, Alex Polidoro, Peter McFarren

Key Players ●Theodore Roosevelt ●Woodrow Wilson ●Florence Kelly ●Frances Willard

Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt ●Roosevelt was the 26th President of the United States ●Born October 27th, 1858 ●He was president from ●Fought for better working conditions/ worker’s rights ●Wilson was the 28th president of the United States ●Born December 28th 1856 ●Tried to keep America out of WWI and founded League of Nations ●Was opposed to 18th Amendment and Volstead Act. ●Congress overrode Wilson’s veto

Florence Kelly ●In 1891 Florence joins Jane Addams, Julia Lathrop, Ellen Gates Starr, and other women at the Hull House ●Her job was to observe the area and its working conditions ●She took notice to the very young children working in the tenement sweatshops. ●She conducted a survey that was presented to the state ●As a result the Illinois State Legislature created the 1st factory law prohibiting employment of children under the age of 14 ●Appointed as first woman chief factory inspector

Frances Willard ● Born September 28,1839 ●Woman Suffragist ●President of Woman’s Christian Temperance Union ●Rallied support for Temperance and many other social reforms ●She was also involved in: -Work relief for the poor -Anti-rape laws -Federal aid to education

Key Groups and Events ●YMCA ●Social Gospel and Settlement House ●Salvation Army ●WCTU ●Anti-Saloon League ●The 18th Amendment

YMCA ●AKA Young Men’s Christian Association ●Founded on June 6th, 1844 by George Williams ●Established to provide safe housing in a Christian environment for young men ●BY 1851, there were YMCA’s in the United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States

Social Gospel ●Religious social reform movement ●Focused on applying moral principles to the improvement and industrialized society ●Including Abolition of: ○Child Labor ○A shorter workweek ○Factory regulation

Settlement House ●In 1886 Stanton Coit founded America’s first Settlement House ●Provides services and activities designed to identify and reinforce the strengths of individuals, families, and communities ●The houses may include: ■Job training ■Employment programs ■Early childhood education ■Youth and art programs ■Literacy education

Salvation Army ●In 1985 William Booth and his wife Catherine Booth saw how the Church was looking down upon the poor people and street people ●Decided to create the Salvation Army to tend to the poor and street peoples needs ●Provides shelters to the homeless, disaster relief, and clothes drives

WCTU ●AKA Women’s Christian Temperance Union ●Founded in Cleveland, Ohio in November of 1874 ●Movement to ban alcohol ●In 3 months had driven liquor out of 250 communities ●Annie Wittenmyer was President from ●1879 Frances Willard becomes President of organization

Anti-Saloon League ●Formed in Oberlin, Ohio on May 24th, 1893 ○Ohio Anti-Saloon League ●Became Anti-Saloon League on December 18th, 1895 in Washington D.C. ●Primary goal was to unify and focus on anti-alcohol sentiments effectively ●Secondary goal was to increase anti-alcohol sentiment ●Purley Bake was the superintendent (For Ohio) ●William H. Anderson was the superintendent (For New York)

The 18th Amendment ●Ratified in January 16th, 1919 ●Repealed in 1933 by 21st Amendment ●Volstead Act - Banned manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol ●Gave government means of enforcing 18th Amendment

Viewpoints on Prohibition ●Prohibition only drives drunkenness behind doors and into dark places, and does not cure it, or even diminish it. Mark Twain: Letter from New York to the Alta Californian, May 28,

Reasons for Prohibition ●The Prohibition movement gained momentum because alcohol was made the scapegoat for problems in America ●Problems included unemployment, absence in the workplace and violence in the home

Why Prohibition Failed ●Prohibition failed due to the vast expense of enforcing it as well as an increase in organized crime whose purpose was to distribute alcohol illegally ●Cops also took bribes from underground saloons in order to stay out of their business which defeated the purpose of trying to enforce Prohibition

Reasons for Social Welfare ●Social Welfare came about as the result of poor working conditions and poor wages ●Workers were given no benefits and often had to work long hours to support their families ●Children were sent to work dangerous jobs to help support the family

Why Social Welfare Succeeded ●Social Welfare was clearly successful as we established a minimum age that children can work at as well as minimum wage and working condition standards