Lesson 15 “A Poison Tree” “Catacombs and Carnival” Turn in homework to tray! Lesson Goals -Analyze how an author achieves specific effects of tone and theme. -Use context clues to clarify the meaning of unknown or ambiguous words -Develop background knowledge for “The Cask of Amontillado”

Tone & Poem Review What is tone? Poetry Review: lines and stanzas I was a dare devil, I always raised the level, I got bruises and scars, But that didn't stop me from going bizarre I would jump and skate, But it wasn't my fate, I have to find something else to do, Before I don't have a clue

Activity 2.3 page 92 “A Poison Tree” by William Blake I was angry with my friend: I told my wrath, my wrath did end. I was angry with my foe: I told it not, my wrath did grow. And I watered it in fears, Night and morning with my tears; And I sunned it with smiles, And with soft deceitful wiles. And it grew both day and night, Till it bore an apple bright. And my foe beheld it shine. And he knew that it was mine, And into my garden stole When the night had veiled the pole; In the morning glad I see My foe outstretched beneath the tree. First Impressions What do you think this poem is about? What key words stand out?

Visualizing the Poem 8 groups, two lines per group You and your group will be assigned a two line section of the poem Together, you will discuss what you all imagine these two lines to look like – picture it in your heads! Next to the two lines, draw an image that represents your group’s discussion Think about the themes and ideas of the poem and incorporate them in your image When finishing, draw your image in the corresponding box on the board

revenge Marking the text: Analyzing Poetry Let’s go back to the poem and mark the following: Highlight the different word choices the speaker uses to describe revenge. Where does the speaker shift in attitude (tone)? Mark a star there! Describe the attitude of the speaker in different places in the poem (make a number next to the line, then write the notes about the attitude in the margin) Paraphrase the last two lines (put it in your own words but keep it the same length). How does the poem end? What causes this to happen? Based off the last class discussion and the ideas of the poem, what is our theme? revenge

So the point is… What emotion does William Blake want us to feel after we read his poem? How does he get us to feel that emotion? (use textual evidence to support your answer)

Activity 2.4 Catacombs and Carnival

Carnival Poe’s story takes place in the catacombs during Carnival, a celebration that still takes place in many countries. The day before Ash Wednesday is celebrated as a holiday with carnivals, masquerade balls, and parades of costumed merrymakers. During Carnival, people celebrate by disguising themselves as fools, wearing parti-striped dress or motley, and capes, known as roquelaires. Women would celebrate, wearing conical caps. Carnival is also called Mardi Gras, or Fat Tuesday, because of the feasting that takes place the day before Ash Wednesday. Starting on Ash Wednesday, which is the beginning of Lent, some Christians fast and do penance for their sins.

In general, masks have two important social functions: (1) they provide a disguise for the wearer and (2) they allow the wearer to assume the identity, at least temporarily, of some other person or being. An individual in clown makeup, for example, is allowed in most societies to behave in ways that would otherwise be deemed inappropriate or offensive. This is certainly entertaining to the viewers, but it also highlights and presumably conveys something about the boundaries of what is appropriate in that particular society. In religious rituals during these times, the person wearing the mask often becomes the spirit being represented, or at least serves as a medium through which the spirit is allowed to communicate with the people, as in many American Indian and African societies.

Catacombs Centuries ago, in Italy, the early Christians buried their dead in catacombs, which are long, winding underground tunnels. Later, wealthy families built private catacombs beneath their palazzos, or palace-like homes. These dark and cool chambers, or vaults, contained nitre, a crystallized salt growth. In order to find their way in their underground tunnels, the owners would light torches or flambeaux. These crypts were suitable not only for burial but also for storage of fine vintage wines such as Amontillado, DeGrave, and Medoc. A wine expert, or connoisseur, would store wine carefully in these underground vaults. Wine was stored in casks or puncheons, which held 72 to 100 gallons, or in pipes, which contained 126 gallons (also known as two hogsheads). an eye and an ear out for Montressor’s revenge. How does he manipulate and toy with Fortunato? Why would they go deep into the catacombs where nothing but dusty bottles and ancient bones make their home? How does Poe create his chilling, menacing, bloodcurdling tale? As you experience the story… http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/crypt-photos/

Activity 2.8 Introducing a Story of Revenge Read and interpret the quotes on page 114 by writing the meaning of each in your own words. After reading and interpreting the quotations about revenge, note which have striking imagery, and consider how the imagery helps you understand the meaning of the quote. Next, choose your favorite quote from above and explain how you might use it as the basis for the conflict of a story between two characters.

Diffusing the Passage: page 117 As we read the first paragraph together, highlight unfamiliar words. After we read the paragraph, we’ll define each individual word. Then we’ll go back and reread the paragraph after understanding the terms. Continue the last two paragraphs with you and a partner