FIRO – B:FUNDAMENTAL INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP ORIENTATION -- BEHAVIOR Presented by: Amrita Gulati Anjali Mohite Anusha Mehta

Humans Interact If people need people, then.… how do people need people, ...and to what degree?

HISTORY OF FIRO-B It became evident for example during the Korean war that different leadership groups onboatd the american naval vessels differed quite a bit in effectiveness. Even though they were composed of persons with identical competence and training. To find the answer to this difference in efficiency and its causes, Will Schutz, an american psychologist, performed a study requested by amongts others the american marine.

THREE MAIN PHASES: In his research he discovered that a group that has three different main needs that the individuals strive to meet. How well these are met determine much of the effectiveness of the group. Later these were put in a graphic model with three main phases (inclusion,, control and openess) and two resting phases in between. A group that strives for togetherness and effeciency must go through these phases in the mentioned order to achieve success.

A group that through development has reached the third phase – openess – will from time to time go back through the previous phases, for example depending on the fact that new members arrive in the group, or that a new task has fallen outside the previous framework for the group.

FIRO – B MEASURES ALL HUMAN INTERACTIONS: INTERPERSONAL NEEDS: INCLUSION CONTROL AFFECTION

FIRO - B When you are aware of the behavior patterns you can better decide when to act in your normal way and when it seems more appropriate to act differently. As you change your habits by making different choices in your behavior , your FIRO scores will also change

FIRO - B Your answers to FIRO - B questions put you somewhere within a range of scores .You may be on the high or the low end of the range or somewhere in-between. Because of this some of the descriptions may fit you to a “ T “ while others may be less accurate.

FIRO - B Your FIRO _ B scores can change . The scores and descriptions are a guide to how you view interpersonal relationships at this point of time and will help you to think about your strengths and weaknesses

Benefits of the FIRO-B The FIRO-B is an ideal tool to use for interpersonal behavior measurement and assessment, including: management and supervisor development leadership development (used with MBTI as part of the Leadership Report) identifying leadership preferred operating styles employee development team building and explaining team roles improving team effectiveness advancing career development

INCLUSION CONTROL AFFECTION EXPRESSED How much do I connect to others? How much do I take charge? How much do I share myself with others? WANTED How much do I want others to connect with me? How much do I want others to be in “driver’s seat”? How much do I want others to reach out to me?

Different categories given in the matrix measure how much interaction a person wants in the areas of socializing, leadership and responsibilities, and more intimate personal relations. FIRO-B was created, based on this theory, a measurement instrument with scales that assess the behavioral aspects of the three dimensions. Scores are graded from 0-9 in scales of expressed and wanted behavior, which define how much a person expresses to others, and how much he wants from others.

FIRO-B Inclusion How much do you connect with others or want attention and recognition from them?

charge or want others to FIRO-B Control How much do you take charge or want others to give directions?

FIRO-B Affection / Openness How much do I share about myself and want others to share with me?

DIMENSIONS OF BEHAVIOUR FIRO-B DIMENSIONS OF BEHAVIOUR Expressed How we interact with others Wanted How we want others to interact with us

(significance, contact, involvement) Inclusion (significance, contact, involvement) e :I include others in my activities w :I want to be included and belong

Expressed Inclusion Behaviour: Talking and joking with others, Involving others in projects, Intiating contact and showing interest.

Wanted Inclusion Behaviour Being around Seeking recognition Getting involved in high profile projects

Control e: I exert control and influence over people and things w :I want others to control and influence me (competence, influence, authority)

Expressed Control Behaviour directing people decision-making assuming responsibility

Wanted Control Behaviour requesting clarification wanting direction and guidance concern for rules

Affection /Openness e: I make efforts to be close to people w: I want others to try to become close to me (Warmth, self-disclosure

Expressed Affection reassuring and supporting colleagues, giving gifts to show appreciation, coaching and developing others

Wanted Affection being flexible and accommodating, listening carefully to others, trying to please people.

For each area of interpersonal need the following three types of behavior would be evident: (1) deficient, (2) excessive, and (3) ideal. Deficient was defined as indicating that an individual was not trying to directly satisfy the need. Excessive was defined as indicating that an individual was constantly trying to satisfy the need. Ideal referred to satisfaction of the need. From this, there were identified the following types: Inclusion types. the undersocial (low EI, low WI) the oversocial (high EI, high WI) the social (moderate EI, moderate WI) Control types the abdicrat (low EC, high WC) the autocrat (high EC, low WC) the democrat (moderate EC, moderate WC) Affection types the underpersonal (low EA, low WA) the overpersonal (high EA, high WA) the personal (moderate EA moderate WA)

Temperament by APS (all 3 areas) In 1977, a clinical psychologist who worked with FIRO-B, Dr. Leo Ryan, produced maps of the scores for each area, called "locator charts", and assigned names for all of the score ranges in his Clinical Interpretation of FIRO-B: Score Inclusion Control Affection Temperament by APS (all 3 areas) Low e and w The Loner The Rebel The Pessimist Melancholy moderate e, low w "Now You See Him, Now You Don't" Tendencies Self-Confident "Image of Intimacy" Tendency Phlegmatic Melancholy / Phlegmatic Choleric High e, low w Now You See Him, Now You Don't Mission Impossible Image/(Mask) of Intimacy Choleric high e, moderate w The Conversationalist "Mission Impossible" with Narcissistic Tendencies Living Up To Expectations Sanguine Phlegmatic / Choleric Phlegmatic high e and w People Gatherer (formerly, "Where are the People?") Dependent-Independent conflict The Optimist Sanguine moderate e, high w Hidden Inhibitions Let's Take a Break Cautious Lover In Disguise Phlegmatic Supine / Phlegmatic Sanguine

Individual Cell Scores • 0 to 2 – low rarely displayed • 3 to 6 – medium noticeable some of the time • 7 to 9 high noticeable in most situations Total Need Score 0 - 17Low 18 - 26 Low/Medium 27 - 35 Medium/High 36 - 54 High

Overall Score: Higher Scores:more involvement with others. Lower Scores:less interpersonal involvement ss interpersonal involvement

Total Expressed/Wanted e>w:comfortable taking action e<w:seeing what others do first e=w:balanced v.caution

THE FIRO-B QUESTIONNAIRE

I try to be with people I let other people decide what to do I join social groups I try to have close relationship with people I tend to join social organisations when I have an opportunity I let other people strongly influence my action I try to be included in informal social activities I try to have close, personal relationship with people I try to include other people in my plans I let other people control my actions I try to have people around me

I try to get close and personal with people when people are doing things together, I tend to join them I am easily led by people I try to avoid being alone I try to participate in group activities   I try to be friendly to people I let other people decide what to do my personal relations with people are cool and distant I let other people take charge of other things I try to have close relationship with people I let other people strongly influence my action

I try to get close and personal with people I let other people control my actions I act cool and distant with people I am easily led by people I try to have close and personal relationship with people I like people to invite me to things I like people to act close and personal with me I try to influence strongly other people's actions I like people to invite me to join in their activities I like people to act close towards me I try to take charge of things when I am with people

I like people to include me in their activities I like people to act cool and distant towards me I try to have other people do things the way I want them done I like people to ask me to participate in their discussions I like people to act friendly towards me I like people to invite me to participate in their activities I like people to act distant towards me   I try to be the dominant person when I am with others I like people to invite me to things I like people to act close to me I try to have other people do things I want done

I like people to invite me to join in their activities I like people to act cool and distant towards me I try to influence strongly other people's action I like people to include me in their activities I like people to act close and personal with me I try to take charge of things when I am with people I like people to invite me to participate in their activities I like people to act distant towards me I try to have other people do things the way I want them done I take charge of things when I am with people

least willing to sacrifice. Total Need Scores The highest score may be the one you feel the most comfortable pursuing and least willing to sacrifice. The need with the lowest score may be the one you are the most willing to give up.

Your FIRO-B Results INCLUSION CONTROL AFFECTION EXPRESSED 7 3 Total expressed behaviour 13 WANTED 4 5 Total wanted behaviour 14 Total need for Inclusion 11 Total need for control 8 Total need for affection Overall interpersonal needs 27

INTERPRETATION OF YOUR FIRO-B RESULTS 7 3 4 5 CHARACTERISTIC BEHAVIOR WHAT YOUR RESULTS INDICATE ? Expressed Inclusion (eI) I make an effort to include others in my activities. I try to belong, to join social groups, and to be with others as much as possible. Your result of 7 suggests that you will usually agree with these statements and probably enjoy having a steady amount of interpersonal contact at work. Wanted Inclusion (wI) I want other people to include me in their activities and to invite me to belong. I enjoy it when others notice me. Your result of 4 suggests that you will sometimes agree with these statements, but you keep your visibility and involvement appropriate to the situation at hand.

Expressed Control (eC) I try to exert control and influence over things. I enjoy organizing things and directing others Your result of 3 suggests that you will sometimes agree with these statements; you are comfortable providing structure and direction in those situations where it is sensible and expected Wanted Control (wC) I feel most comfortable working in well-defined situations. I try to get clear expectations and instructions. Your result of 5 suggests that you will sometimes agree with these statements, but you tolerate influence from others in selected situations Expressed Affection (eA) I make an effort to get close to people. I am comfortable expressing personal feelings and I try to be supportive of others. only show your warm and supportive side to particular people and when the circumstances are appropriate. Wanted Affection (wA) I want others to act warmly toward me. I enjoy it when people share their feelings with me and when they encourage my efforts. sometimes agree with these statements, and have a chosen set of circumstances when you are comfortable letting others get close to you and support you.

The indicator of your Overall Interpersonal Needs is the total of all six individual needs (eI + wI + eC + wC + eA + wA). This result represents the overall strength of your interpersonal needs; it shows how much you believe that other people and human interaction can help you attain your goals and achieve personal satisfaction.Your indicator of Overall Interpersonal Needs is 27, which falls in the medium high range. This suggests that: • Your involvement with others is usually a source of satisfaction, but relationships may become frustrating and interfere with your job. • When interacting with others, you work best with small groups and with regular contacts.

• You probably consider yourself more extroverted than introverted. You probably enjoy work that involves opportunities to gather input from others, but you do not rely on them for decision making or implementation. • You prefer to work with others, but occasionally need time alone to think and reflect. • You probably consider yourself more extroverted than introverted. 13

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Three main phases In his research he discovered that a group that has three different main needs that the individuals strive to meet. How well these are met determine much of the effectiveness of the group. Later these were put in a graphic model with three main phases (inclusion,, control and openess) and two resting phases in between. A group that strives for togetherness and effeciency must go through these phases in the mentioned order to achieve success.

A group that through development has reached the third phase – openess – will from time to time go back through the previous phases, for example depending on the fact that new members arrive in the group, or that a new task has fallen outside the previous framework for the group.

INCLUSION CONTROL AFFECTION EXPRESSED eI eC eA WANTED eW wC wA

FIRO -B The FIRO - B examines the way you typically act with other people . Helps you become more aware of your interpersonal behavior habits

FIRO - B When you are aware of the behavior patterns you can better decide when to act in your normal way and when it seems more appropriate to act differently. As you change your habits by making different choices in your behavior , your FIRO scores will also change

FIRO - B Your answers to FIRO - B questions put you somewhere within a range of scores .You may be on the high or the low end of the range or somewhere in-between. Because of this some of the descriptions may fit you to a “ T “ while others may be less accurate.

FIRO - B Your FIRO _ B scores can change . The scores and descriptions are a guide to how you view interpersonal relationships at this point of time and will help you to think about your strengths and weaknesses

INCLUSION Your FIRO - B Inclusion results describe how much you want to include other people in your life and how much attention and recognition you want from them - not in your close one to one relationships , but with people in general.

CONTROL Your FIRO - B Control results describe the way you usually react to taking charge of situations or being directed by others They examine categories like authority , responsibility , decision making and influencing.

AFFECTION Your FIRO - B Affection score results describe your interpersonal relationships with people you may be close to - like your mate , a good friend , or someone you that you work with.

Facade of self sufficiency Under social Over Social Socially Compliant Inter personal Needs Expressed Behavior Wanted Behavior Low(0-3) Low (0 -3) High (6-9) High( 6-9 ) Facade of self sufficiency Under social Over Social Socially Compliant Inclusion Autocrat Abdicract Submissive Rebellious Control Facade of self sufficiency Under personal Over personal Personally Compliant Affection

Social Interaction Index =Activity Level (AL) E =Need Level (NL) W II II II II Assuming Responsibility Importance of people Social Interaction Index Importance of Affection =

ACTIVITY LEVEL More than 18.. is more outgoing and active than average Less than 9.. is seldom an initiator, is more passive than average or is getting all the interpersonal contact he needs

NEED LEVEL More than 20 ..a high desire for people to make contact with him Less than 11 .. Low desire for people to relate to him possibly because of Indifference to people or Distaste for the role of a relatively passive receiver or Greater involvement in some other activity like work Getting all the interpersonal contact he needs

Importance of people More than 15 .. Being with people is very important to him and worth effort on his part Less than 9.. Being with people is not something he particularly wants or seeks

Assuming Responsibility More than 11 .. More than average willingness to be held responsible and hold others responsible Less than 5 .. Tendency to avoid task responsibility, preferring to “ live and let live” and to value freedom over responsibility

Importance of Affection More than 12 .. Regularly prefers and seeks closeness and human warmth Less than 6.. Tends either to avoid close relations in general or he is quite selective about those with whom he becomes intimate

Social Interaction Index More than 38.. for him people are important he desires and seeks out relations with them Less than 20 .. Low people needs because he is interested in other things , people make him nervous . Being with people is a lower priority than success at work.

Interchange Compatibility Measures compatibility in involvement in any one area IC = ( Ae + Aw ) - ( Be + Bw ) Scores 0 = Complete Compatibility 18 = Extreme Incompatibility Equal to & greater than 6 = Indicates Incompatibility

Reciprocal Compatibility Is an index of whether A’s expressed behavior matches what B wants and whether B’s expressed behavior matches what A wants RC = ( Ae - Bw ) + ( Be - Aw ) Scores 0 = Complete Compatibility 18 = Extreme Incompatibility Equal to & greater than 6 = Indicates Incompatibility

Originator Compatibility The extent to which there may be conflict between two people because both want to initiate in one area , or because neither wants to initiate OC = ( Ae - Aw ) + ( Be - Bw ) Scores 0 to 6 = Complete Compatibility -6 to -18 = Apathetic incompatibility + 6 to + 18 = Competitive Incompatibility

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