What to Expect during the July 22 nd, 2009 Eclipse Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA's GSFC Presentation Copyright © by Bernie Volz, All rights reserved. Last updated 06/06/2009.

Path of Totality south of Shanghai and north/northeast of Hangzhou (GoogleEarth)

Site Local Circumstances 30° 41' 24.7" N ° 5m53.3s (total eclipse) 121° 02' 06.0" E ° Date: 07/22/2009 Umbral depth: 98.06% Obscuration : % Magnitude at mid eclipse: Moon/Sun size ratio : Event (ΔT=66.2s) Time (UT) Alt Azi P V Start of partial eclipse (C1) 00:22: ° 088.3° 287° 12.2 Start of total eclipse (C2) 01:35: ° 098.7° 108° 06.2 Mid eclipse 01:38: ° 099.2° 199° 03.1 End of total eclipse (C3) 01:41: ° 099.8° 291° 12.2 End of partial eclipse (C4) 03:01: ° 123.5° 112° 06.6 Local time is UT + 8 Hours (so 8:22, 9:35, 9:38, 9:41, and 11:00) Calculated via Xavier M. Jubier’s Solar Eclipse Calculator for Google Earth.Xavier M. Jubier

First Contact Moon begins to move over Sun from West Moon begins to move over Sun from West Starts at ~8:22:40.5 AM Starts at ~8:22:40.5 AM Must observe sun with filter! Must observe sun with filter! Good time to check and adjust mount tracking and alignment Good time to check and adjust mount tracking and alignment Watch for sunspots Watch for sunspots 6/21/2001 – Zambia (Mario Motta)

First Contact Crescent images of Sun Crescent images of Sun Natural pin-holes such as leaves on trees Natural pin-holes such as leaves on trees Pin-holes in cardboard Pin-holes in cardboard Watch sky and environment Watch sky and environment Gradually darkens Gradually darkens Temperature drops Temperature drops 8/11/1999 Hungary (Eric Pauer) Mario Motta

~1 min Before Second Contact Shadow bands Shadow bands Are faint ripples of grayish light that wiggle briskly across landscape Are faint ripples of grayish light that wiggle briskly across landscape Similar to ripples seen at bottom of pools Similar to ripples seen at bottom of pools Caused by atmospheric refraction Caused by atmospheric refraction Occur about a minute before Second Contact Occur about a minute before Second Contact Spread white sheet on ground to see Spread white sheet on ground to see Usually not seen unless sky is crystal clear Usually not seen unless sky is crystal clear Photos from

~Minute Before Second Contact Onrushing shadow from west Onrushing shadow from west ~Minute before Second Contact ~Minute before Second Contact Watch color and general appearance Watch color and general appearance 6/21/2001 Zambia (Mario Motta) 6/30/1992 – Uruguay (Bernie Volz)

30 Seconds Before Second Contact Baily’s Beads (~9:35:35 AM) Baily’s Beads (~9:35:35 AM) Starts about 30 secs before Second Contact Starts about 30 secs before Second Contact Last bit of sunlight shines through the moon’s jagged edge Last bit of sunlight shines through the moon’s jagged edge Filters off of cameras and telescopes! Filters off of cameras and telescopes! 6/21/2001 – Zambia (Mario Motta)

Last Seconds Before Second Contact Diamond Ring Diamond Ring Last “baily’s bead” Last “baily’s bead” Lasts only a few seconds before Moon completely covers the Sun Lasts only a few seconds before Moon completely covers the Sun 11/3/ Bolivia

Second Contact Start of TOTALITY! Start of TOTALITY! Moon completely covers the Sun Moon completely covers the Sun FILTERS OFF - Safe to directly view totality FILTERS OFF - Safe to directly view totality At site: At site: ~9:35:35 AM ~9:35:35 AM Lasts for 5 min 53.3 secs Lasts for 5 min 53.3 secs Sun/Moon Sun/Moon altitude of ~56° altitude of ~56° azimuth of ~99° azimuth of ~99° 11/3/1994 – Bolivia (Mario Motta)

Totality The Corona The Corona What everyone is waiting for! What everyone is waiting for! Best viewed with binoculars Best viewed with binoculars Look for streamers and how far out they go (Sun/Moon are ~½°) Look for streamers and how far out they go (Sun/Moon are ~½°) Each eclipse’s corona is unique - study this one carefully Each eclipse’s corona is unique - study this one carefully Look for polar brushes! Look for polar brushes! 11/3/1994 – Bolivia (Mario Motta)

6/21/2001 – Zambia (Mario Motta)

Baby Beach, Aruba 2/26/1998 Bernie Volz

La Paz, Mexico 7/11/1991

Bert Halstead, March 29 th, 2006, Egypt, Composite

Totality Prominences Prominences Red areas near solar (lunar) disk Red areas near solar (lunar) disk May have none or may have several May have none or may have several Depends on solar activity Depends on solar activity Likely few as solar minimum was early 2008 Likely few as solar minimum was early /11/ Hungary

Solar Cycle – just after minimum

Totality Look around at the twilight sky Look around at the twilight sky Mercury - East of Sun Mercury - East of Sun Venus & Mars - West of Sun Venus & Mars - West of Sun Saturn - Rising in the East Saturn - Rising in the East Stars - Pollux, Capella, Procyon, Sirius, Betelgeuse, Rigel, and Regulus Stars - Pollux, Capella, Procyon, Sirius, Betelgeuse, Rigel, and Regulus

Totality Take in the environment Take in the environment Darkness of eclipse Darkness of eclipse Animal reactions Animal reactions Temperature drop Temperature drop Wind speed Wind speed 2/26/1998 – Aruba (Peter Bealo) 7/11/1991 Mexico (Mike Terenzoni)

Totality Don’t forget to take your photographs Don’t forget to take your photographs Don’t need “fast” film - ISO 100 is fine Don’t need “fast” film - ISO 100 is fine Bracket, Bracket, Bracket! Bracket, Bracket, Bracket! For Mercury - f/8, ISO 100 = ~1/125 For Mercury - f/8, ISO 100 = ~1/125 For Venus - f/8, ISO 100 = ~1/500 For Venus - f/8, ISO 100 = ~1/500 Don’t forget to LOOK Don’t forget to LOOK You only have 5 min, 53.3 sec - ends at ~9:41:28.3 AM You only have 5 min, 53.3 sec - ends at ~9:41:28.3 AM

Field of View and Sun’s Image Size vs Focal Length (35mm film) 35 mm 100 mm (Bernie Volz) 270 mm1000 mm (Mario Motta)

Field of View and Sun’s Image Size vs Focal Length (35mm film)

Solar Eclipse Exposure Guide

Third Contact Moon no longer completely covers Sun Moon no longer completely covers Sun Same transition, but in reverse, as from First to Second Contact Same transition, but in reverse, as from First to Second Contact Diamond Ring Diamond Ring Baily’s Beads Baily’s Beads FILTERS ON!! FILTERS ON!! Retreating shadow (East) Retreating shadow (East) Shadow bands Shadow bands 6/21/2001 – Zambia (Mario Motta)

Fourth Contact Eclipse Ends (~11:01:02.7 AM) Eclipse Ends (~11:01:02.7 AM) Moon has moved eastward completely off the Sun Moon has moved eastward completely off the Sun 6/21/2001 – Zambia (Bernie Volz) 2/26/1998 – Aruba (Bernie Volz)

08/11/ :20 UT 08/11/ :50 UT 08/11/ :20 UT